Theses and Dissertations

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A Communication Audit for Effective Management: A Case Study of an East African Publishing House, Nairobi, Kenya
(Daystar University, 1991-06) Muriithi, Samuel Muiruri
A Communication Audit of Medical Colleges: A Case of Kenya Medical Training College.
(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2024) Ochiel, Hezron
An internal communication audit, or simply CA, as it is variously known, is important in ensuring the success of an organization by checking how well a brand keeps in touch with its stakeholders. This case study on KMTC assessed information flow among the various departments and teams at the college. It focused on focus areas in the sufficiency, efficiency, and effectiveness of both formal and informal channels, with stakeholder feedback solicited on communication preference. Guided by the Excellence and Stakeholder Theory, the study probed into KMTC's communication structures, channels, and engagement with its stakeholders. The main internal communication channels of print, electronic, face-to-face, and social media were well known. Among the many ways of communication that were mentioned, print media was highly ranked, followed by social media, then electronic media, and finally face-to-face. However, there were observations made in regard to some areas where the general flow of information was not good enough. Print media only moderately met the needs of stakeholders for information. Social media ranked highest in timeliness and effectiveness at 36.8% very strong and 29.9% strong. This was meant to establish whether the flow of information flow was effective, where 33.33% agreed that the flow of information was effective and 16.67% suggested that the effectiveness of the communication depends on the target audience. Generally, a third believed that information flow in KMTC is ineffective and needs further improvement. The use of electronic channels, that have the potential to reach wider audiences at cheaper costs, like phone calls, text messages, college websites, and student portals, was found to be minimal. The study recommends investment in digital communication, safe exploitation of social media, improvement in internet connectivity, enhancement of power backup systems to ensure better quality in communication.
A Communication Audit Of The Catholic Diocese Of Kabgayi In Rwanda
(School of Communication, Daystar University, 2017-12) Ndahimana, Théoneste
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to conduct a communication audit of the Catholic Diocese of Kabgayi, Rwanda with a view to establishing the effectiveness of communication strategies used by Kabgayi Diocese in resource mobilization. The objectives of this study were to establish communication strategies utilized by Kabgayi Diocese for local resource mobilization, to assess how well the current communications flow was working in supporting the local resource mobilization and to establish the laity‟s perception regarding the communication strategies used by Kabgayi Diocese for local resource mobilization. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews, analysed using stata and presented using frequency figuresand tables. The study revealed that the clergy of Kabgayi Diocese mobilize local resources in collaboration with some church‟s leaders from the laity. The study futher established that face-to-face group communication, the bishop‟s pastoral letter, the letters to individuals or families were the most used communication approaches currently in local resource mobilization and should, as a recommendation, be combined with other new communication approaches, such as, radio, television, newsletter, event fundraising, notice boards, and social media, especially whatsApp. The study found that there was lack of a resource mobilization strategic plan and a communication plan to support it at the parish and diocesan level. Therefore, the formulation of these two kinds of strategic plans has been perceived as a matter of urgency for Kabgayi Diocese. The study revealed that the amount of information currently received by the laity on local resource mobilization and related themes was not adequate. The study established that the information flow about local resource mobilization was predominantly one-way, downward communication. As a recommendation, upward and horizontal communication flows should be also encouraged by Kabgayi Diocese in resource mobilization. The study also recommended that the clergy and laity leaders should mobilize local resources frequently and that Kabgayi Dioecese should involve the laity more in decision-making regarding resource mobilization.
A Communication Audit of The Internal Publics of Privately Owned Secondary Schools: The Case of Nairobi County, Kenya.
(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2011-10) Ombuya, Nanncy Adagala
Cazmunication Audit (CA) has become a master trope across many spheres of research (Tourish, 2010). There are two levels in using communication audit. =s:•- *ere is the diagnostic level where organizational values and beliefs are examined tools which disclose the means in which various groups of internal publics =mzxate with one another and how well they do so. The other level is prescriptive where iD±nzs that emerge from the diagnostic events lead to the advancement of a gradually strategy. It is only recently that communication has gained visibility in schools. In communication became a serious topic among stakeholders in the education sector context of unrests. This study audited communication styles amongst the internal of privately owned secondary schools (POSSs) in Nairobi County, Kenya. Data was —Ssed quantitatively using descriptive statistics made of visual techniques like tables, pie and figures; and narratives derived from the qualitative data. A multi-method CA was within 18 POSSs and a total of 162 individuals were selected. The CA uncovered s:rnus communicative problems that require the attention of proprietors and management of *ZSSs. Specifically, the study found out that the government has not enacted legislation to •cognize the Kenya Private Schools Association as a regulator of the POSSs under its watch. FHer, a lack of freedom to express opinion by teachers and students was noted. Existing ammunication gaps such as the non-existence of organizational charts, communication pians, clarity of responsibilities and reporting lines, lack of written down communication Plicy or even whistle blower policy were noted. Fear of reprisal, victimization or being perceived as a whistle-blower amongst teachers and, snitches among students was evident. This was found to be a deeply rooted culture in the schools. Future studies can then investigate whether this status quo has changed. The main contribution of this study to literature is that it is a baseline study on the communication practices for POSSs.
A Communication Audit of Waithaka Catholic Parish in the Catholic Archdiocese of Nairobi.
(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2024) Njau, Kimuhu David
The purpose of this study was to conduct a Communication Audit of Waithaka Catholic Parish to establish the effectiveness of the communication methods / strategies being used by the Parish. The study objectives were to find out the communication channels being used in Waithaka Catholic Parish, establish the effectiveness of the communication channels used by Waithaka Catholic Parish in communicating to their followers, determine the information needs of Waithaka Catholic Parish and to explore alternative / preferred channels of communication by the Waithaka Catholic Parish community. The study used Systems Theory. The utilization of systems theory was of assistance to the researcher in understanding and recognizing the significance of good communication in the coordination of activities at Waithaka Catholic Parish. Explanatory research approach was embraced in the study to ensure that the research on the impact of communication audit on communication in the Catholic Church in Kenya was well studied. To accomplish the study aims, both structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used. The study findings showed that Horizontal communication, which involves peer-to-peer interactions, was the most effective, with 30.82% of respondents stating it works "to a great extent" and 41.78% rating it effective "to a moderate extent." The preferred communication methods at Waithaka Catholic Parish, as highlighted by respondents, reveal a growing demand for a hybrid approach that blends modern digital tools with traditional, face-to-face interactions. In Waithaka Catholic Parish, a variety of communication channels are employed to facilitate information exchange between the Parish, its staff, and its members. Digital platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, email, and Instagram are highly utilized, reflecting a modern shift towards instant and widespread communication. The study concluded that the parish should adopt consistent methods of communication to avoid discrepancy, the parish should adopt a multichannel communication strategy to cater for age demographics and feedback channels should be improved to ensure effective vertical and horizontal communication are effective. Recommendations for the study include enhancing the use of social media platforms to reach a broader audience and enhancing the notice board to make it more eye-catching to capture attention of parishioners effectively. It is also recommended that the parish introduces structured feedback mechanisms. Other recommendations are introduction of a suggestion box and ensuring prompt feedback which will create channels for parishioners to share their thoughts and concerns constructively.
A Communication Strategy for Foundational Building Blocks in A Biblical Marriage: A Case Study of Young Adults' Ministry in Africa inland Churches in Nairobi and Its Environs
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2006) Ndebe, Joseph Kiiru
Poor marital foundation and lack of communication strategies cause family problems such as violence and other vices, which are prevalent in our society. Programmes that would strengthen young adults should be developed to deal with such vices. Many couples do not even have an opportunity to hear about marriage principles because they do not go through any kind of counseling before and after their marriage. Therefore, the local church should develop a communication strategy in order that her young adults will not make the same mistakes the past generations made. For marriages in our society to be salvaged and for the young adults to be well prepared to face the married life with success, this study presents eight foundational biblical building blocks for marriage that should be considered by those who are preparing for marriage. The researcher understands that there are many other issues at play in this struggle to end violence and other vices within Christian and non-Christian homes. It is the foundation of what God intended for the family that marriage could satisfactorily build on.
A Comparative Study On The Effectiveness Of Mindfulness Cognitive Behaviour Therapy And 12-Step Model On Relapse Prevention Among Persons With Substance Use Disorder In Selected Rehabilitation Centers In Kenya
(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2022-09) Anundo, Jacqueline A.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness cognitive behaviour therapy (MCBT) with treatment as usual also known as 12-steps program (TAU) on relapse prevention among SUD patients in rehabilitation centers in Kenya. The objectives were to determine levels of hazardous and risky use of substances and relapse risk factors among participants in the rehabs, to establish the risk factors associated with relapse, to compare the participants’ pre-discharge behavioural response to MCBT and TAU during treatment sessions, and the post-discharge relapse prevention capability of MCBT vs TAU among the participants. Quasi-experimental design was adopted targeting 96 accredited rehabilitation centers in the Country and focusing on participants aged between 18 and 40 years. The study used purposive sampling to select 6 rehabilitation centers in Kajiado and Nairobi counties with a total of 120 patients. The centers were grouped into 3 experimental groups (MCBT) and 3 control groups (TAU). Data was collected through questionnaires and assessment tools consisting of Advance Warning of Relapse (AWARE) Questionnaire, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Socio-Demographic Questionnaire and the Observation Schedule. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables. The study established that alcohol and tobacco were the most used substances while age and religion significantly determined alcohol use disorder trends and relapse risks. Relapse predisposition was significant among alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco users. MCBT had better relapse prevention outcomes compared to TAU despite both registering significant SUD treatment outcomes. The study recommends that; rehabilitation programs be tailored along different faiths to be more accommodative. Affordable professionally managed community counselling centers also need to be established across the Country for persons with SUD. For further studies, TAU counsellors need to blend their programs with MCBT strategies.
A Constitutive Communication Approach to Corporate Reputation Management of Global Logistics Corporations in Kenya: A Case Study of DHL Worldwide Express, Kenya Limited
(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2023-01) Omondi, Daniel Onyango
The study explored how organizational reputation is created, developed, and maintained as a result of interaction between employees and external stakeholders in the context of global logistics corporations in Kenya, with a focus on DHL Express Kenya. The study objectives are concerned with analysing how communication between employees and external stakeholders on DHL’s identity creates and maintains the organization’s reputation; examining how communication and employee engagement create and maintains DHL’s reputation; assessing how communication spurs employee behaviour that creates and maintains DHL’s reputation. DHL was studied because, despite its existential crisis, it has remained one of the most reputable companies in the world. The study’s theoretical framework was drawn from the constitutive communication model, and specifically, the Four Flows theory of Robert McPhee. The research privileged a qualitative approach that emphasised a single case study research method. In addition to using multiple data generation techniques, data were analysed thematically. The study findings revealed that i) member identification is promoted by management policies and strategies, ii) collective communication and collaboration spurs organizational reputation, iii) technology assisted communication improves processes in an organization and iv) corporate identity management strategies such as compliance and customer centric culture were at play. Based on the findings, the study concludes that communication is constituted in the activities and operations of DHL Express, and this enables it to create and maintain good rapport with internal and external stakeholders. Furthermore, the assumption that membership negotiation is a permanent feature of DHL Express as it reduces the intention to leave can be challenged in the realities of life. The study recommends that organizations need to prioritise communicative connection in everything they do and communicate effectively to ensure employees are coordinated to attain organizational goals. Moreover, organisations should not allow their hierarchical structure to asphyxiate communication. Future studies should emphasise a quantitative research design as well as explore perspectives of external stakeholders on the phenomena investigated in the present study.
A Culture-Centered Model Appraisal Of Government Of Kenya’s Covid-19 Communication: A Case Of Urban Refugee Women In Kawangware, Nairobi Kenya
(School of Communication, Daystar University, 2023-10) Wachira, Kelly Nyambura
The pertinent issue of health equity has increasingly become a critical part of sustainable health communication. Recent trends in health communication emphasize not only the importance of understanding and embedding cultural beliefs and values in health messages through cultural competency communication but also providing the community opportunities to participate in conceptualizing and contextualizing their health needs and creating health solutions (agency). Yet language and cultural exclusion continue to be common experiences for refugees living in host countries that use different languages to communicate even in pre-pandemic times. The objectives of the research were to explore the perception of urban refugee women on GOK COVID-19 Communication, to find out what channels of communication were accessible to them, understand the impact of government communication and how this influenced their behavior. This research adopted an exploratory research design. Focus group discussions and observation were used to collect data. Key findings from the study showed that radio was the most accessible channel of communication, however, more community-led channels of communication were preferred. Findings also challenged the concept of humanitarian framing that views refugees as victims demonstrating that they remained adaptable and resilient despite the challenges posed by the pandemic. The study recommends communication methods that are tailored to the language and culture of the refugee community such as in-person, community-led sensitization and awareness-raising sessions to ensure inclusivity and wider reach. Inter-agency collaboration among government agencies, Refugee-led Organizations (RLOs) and community-based organizations (CBOs) to ensure a coordinated and holistic approach to supporting refugee populations during the pandemic.
A Curriculum for Christian Secondary School Leavers in Their First Year After School
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2001-05) Makau, Nathan Katua
A Directory of Ministry Opportunities in Selected Protestant Mission Agencies in Nairobi, Kenya
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 1995-05) Kabuu, Stella Mwihaki
A Participatory Communication Approach in The Rehabilitation of Street Children: A Case of Mathare Slum in Nairobi County.
(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2024) Anyango, Ouma Drusilla
The phenomenon of street children is a social dilemma faced in different counties in Kenya. Efforts to rehabilitate children living and working on the streets have been employed both by the government and non-governmental organizations working with children. One of these interventions is participatory communication which is used to involve the children in programmes designed for them within the rehabilitation centres. There are several studies on the interventions applied in the rehabilitation of street children, however, the role and impact of participatory communication approach in the rehabilitation of street children is insufficiently explored. This study sought to identify the role of participatory communication and its effectiveness in the rehabilitation of street children in rehabilitation centres in Mathare Sub-County, in Kenya. This exploratory study sought to understand the experiences, views and needs of the street children and to examine the communication approach used in rehabilitation centres. Additionally, to establish the rehabilitation centres’ level of involvement of street children in the interventions and the challenges they encounter in the delivery of communication approach during rehabilitation. The theory that guided the study was the Participatory Communication Theory which advocates for a two-way process of communication which is engaging and collaborative. Primary data collection was done in four rehabilitation centres. The researcher focused on participants who had frequent (daily) interaction with the children in the rehabilitation centres. The participants for the study were purposively selected and the researcher adopted the exploratory research design. Data collection tools included an in-depth interview guide with sixteen participant, 10 social workers and 6 children aged 11-17 years. Data was analysed using thematic summary analysis where the researcher focused on the major themes emerging from the responses. Key themes were identified: formed connections; rehabilitation process; participatory communication approaches; language; child participation; psychoeducation; withholding information; survival tactics; trauma; child experiences in the rehabilitation centre; child involvement; and child empowerment. Participant’s responses evidenced that participatory communication approaches are being applied in the rehabilitation of the street children but there is need for trust. The study revealed that both the social workers and the street children acknowledged that there was involvement of both parties in the rehabilitation process. However, there were levels of participation evidenced in the study and some of the challenges to participatory communication include mistrust, trauma, drug and substance abuse and language barrier. This study recommends an end to end participatory communication approach in the rehabilitation of street children from the point of rescue to their rehabilitation, rather than the segmented approach which does not begin at the point of rescue. The researcher recommends that future research delve deeper into exploring the role of communication approaches in the rehabilitation of street children in different contexts. Such studies can use comparative research to determine the different approaches to describe and explain similarities and differences of the study problem.
A Phenomenological Enquiry on Journalistic Experiences and Structural Influences in The Coverage of Terrorism in Kenya
(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2021-10) Muindi, Benjamin
Since 2011, the impact and frequency of terrorism in Kenya have soared consistently. Consequently, terrorism reporting is today a major recurring news item in various media outlets. This research employed a phenomenological inquiry based on 28 in-depth interviews with journalists who have covered terrorism in Kenya between 2011 and 2019. Specifically, it first explored the lived experiences of journalists involved in this coverage and, secondly, examined the structures that influence their work when reporting on this beat. Third, it investigated ways in which structures influence the freedoms of journalists who have reported on terrorism. Last, the study explored the implications that the structural influences have on the journalistic freedoms of those covering the news topic. Within the context of lived experiences, findings indicate three major themes: fear of surveillance, the safety of journalists at risk, and nationalistic reportage. The fear of surveillance is characterized by worries about surveillance by state security agents and terrorists, while the safety of journalists at risk comprises psychological and physical safety. Nationalistic coverage is highly associated with Kenya-born reporters – an outright biased in favor of their nation. Legal and policy and organization structures influence those covering terrorism. The ways in which the structures influence journalistic freedoms comprise two themes: constraints in accessing information, resulting in journalists exploring alternative avenues for news; and the violation of tenets of professional journalism, such as impartiality, objectivity, and journalistic ethics. Under the fourth line of investigation, journalistic autonomy is the single major implication related to the coverage of terrorism, featuring low journalistic independence, self-censorship, and biased reporting.
A Study of Selected Corporate Social Responsibility Audits of Standard Chartered Bank of Kenya
(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2015-06) Mokua, Christine N.
With an increase in the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) hype, many organizations have changed their strategies and undertaken various activities that are independent of their core business. Organizations now are keen to incorporate CSR into their operations. However, having CSR activities without evaluation to gauge effectiveness of the CSR activities is neither beneficial to the organization nor the society. For an organization to have an effective CSR policy, culture and practices, the idea of CSR audit in organizations is a necessity. This study was conducted to establish the extent to which Standard Chartered Bank (SCB) has embraced CSR audits. The main objectives of the study were: to find out the prevalence of CSR audit programs within SCB, to establish the areas covered in the CSR audit program of SCB and to investigate the value of CSR audits for SCB. Descriptive research design was used with the research focusing on five main activities covered in the SCB community investment to include the SCB Nairobi marathon, seeing is believing programs, living with HIV, employee volunteering and environmental activities. The research targeted a sample size of 33 respondents; 3 interviewees and 30 questionnaires. The responses used for analysis were from 24 duly filed and returned questionnaires and 2 interviews conducted. The findings of the study indicated that SCB had been involved in the CSR activities mentioned for the period between 2009 and 2012. However, there were no structured CSR audit programs within SCB. The study concluded that SCB needed to embrace CSR audits so as to effectively administer their CSR activities.
A Study of The African Process of Mediation for Christian Ministry: A Case Study
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 1994) Mungania, John
This study addresses itself in finding ways and means resolve conflicts using a cooperative and collaborative approach. The study attempts to formulate principles of zediation which the church and other parties can use to nake peace. A basic assumption is that the world more generally uses confrontation. This case study has proved that the origins of the tribe and of the Methodist church in Kenya arose out cf conflicts which needed to be resolved. The study compares the Western and the African way of decision—making, and the modern civil and traditional systems of conflict resolution. Findings reveal that the former is more adversarial, ending in courtroom contests, while the latter uses group consensus, ending in group harmony. The study proposes recommendations such as the following for implementation : 1. Open mediation centres; 2. Provide other avenues for conflict resolutions; 3. Proper church courts be established; 4. Peace and reconciliation departments be established; 5. Introduce "peace and peace—making" as part of the curriculum in our schools, colleges and universities; and, 6. Enact laws on mandatory mediation.
A Study of The Effects of Change Management Process On Organizational Performance: A Case Study of The Africa Network for Animal Welfare
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2017-06) Thuo, Grace
The study sought to assess the effect of change management process on organizational performance of the Africa Network for Animal Welfare. The organization’s change management process was investigated against Kotter’s 8-step model, focusing on four main indicators of organizational performance, namely: program effectiveness, public engagement, resource mobilization, and organization efficiency. The objectives of the study were to establish how the change management process was undertaken by the Africa Network for Animal Welfare, determine the effect of the change management process on the organization’s performance, establish the challenges faced by the organization while undertaking the change management process, and establish the components of performance in the organization. The study adopted descriptive research design and questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The study found that the vision for change was well communicated to the employees as indicated by 14 (43.8%) of the respondents. If further found that the organization was found to be more efficient and effective after the change process as indicated by 18 (56.3%) of the respondents thereby indicating that change management has a positive effect on organizational performance. The major challenge identified by 16 (50%) of the respondents was that inadequate time in between the introduction of new changerelated activities, hence a caution to organizations undertaking the change process to exercise patience at each stage of the process. The study concluded that the change process had a positive effect on organizational performance. The study recommended that the leadership should give adequate time for each phase of the process to be introduced, processed, and implemented to avoid any confusion amongst employees during the change process.
A Study on Social Media Effects on Employee Productivity: A Case of Equity Bank, Kigali Branch, Rwanda
(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2023-08) Mudamba, Emmy M.
The study was guided by three objectives: to investigate the types of social media networks commonly used by Equity Bank, Kigali branch employees during working hours, to determine how often social media networks are used in Equity Bank, Kigali branch during working hours and to investigate the impact of social media on employees’ productivity at Equity Bank, Kigali branch. The study utilized a descriptive research design as its methodology. This design allowed for an in-depth understanding of the relationship between social media usage and employee productivity. The study participants consisted of 116 employees from various departments within Equity Bank Kigali. The study comprised a sample size of 90 staff members, chosen through random sampling methodology. The study findings found that Equity Bank has actively used social media to reach customers, promote and market its products amongst other reasons. Moreover, employees were interrupting work to access social media. Employees accessed social media multiple times a day through their smart phones, and other personal devices for duration of between one and two hours, thereby interrupting official work. Employee productivity could not be co-related to their use of social media during working hours. Other factors such as stress and burnout, unresolved issues among team members among other factors were responsible for decreased employee productivity. The study concluded that social media has a very weak impact on employee productivity; therefore, it is necessary for employers establish clear social media usage policies and guidelines to minimize distractions and enhance employee productivity.
A Study on The Role of Employee Retention Strategies on Organizational Performance: A Case of Safaricom Ltd Call Centre
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2014-05) Mwangi, Grace Wangui
This study sought to determine the role of employee retention on organizational performance. The study was based on three objectives which were to determine the effects of employee retention on organizational performance, to establish the retention strategies that can enhance organizational performance and to establish the challenges of employee retention at Safaricom Ltd. The study used descriptive research design to get information. Out of a population of 2667 employees, 750 employees were considered for the study. Taking a sample size of 10% from the 750 employees, 75 respondents were included in the study. The main data collection instrument used for the study was a questionnaire. Also, two managers were interviewed. Pretesting was done to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found that employee retention strategies enhance organizational performance positively. The study further found out that career growth in Safaricom were limited, tasks were monotonous, call centre agents were not satisfied their pay and benefit packages were not competitive. Hence the study made recommends that organizations should focus on retaining their key employees for better organizational performance. HR department should find avenues of ensuring that the call centre agents do not stay in the same role for more than two years by allowing them to work in other departments based on their skills, educational qualifications and performance. This would ensure that growth opportunities and career prospects are something to look forward to. HR should structure the job in the call centre in a way that its challenging, interesting, allows some form of autonomy.
A Survey of Farmers’ Attitudes Towards Participatory Communication Approaches For Agricultural Improvement: A Case of Makueni Conservation Agriculture Project
(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2015-03) Kavengi, Peter Esther
This study sought to find out attitudes of farmers towards participatory communication approaches used in training Conservation Agriculture. The research areas were Kathonzweni and Mavindini in Makueni County. The objectives of the study were to examine the different participatory communication approaches used in training farmers; to assess the different attitudes of farmers towards the participatory communication approaches used in training them; to identify the most preferred participatory communication training approach according to farmers and to identify ways to improve the participatory communication training approaches as suggested by farmers. Two sampling procedures were used to select the sampling for this study. The purposive sampling procedure and the systematic random sampling procedure. To assess the validity of the data collected in the field, the researcher interviewed two facilitators from CETRAD who participated in training farmers. It was observed that farmers participated more in training approaches that involved them more in the decision making process of the project. The farm-based demonstration had the most number of farmers participating and was rated by the majority of the respondents as their best training approach. The respondents identified how each participatory communication training approach contributed to their understanding of CA. The farmers also identified the shortcomings of each approach and suggested ways that they would be improved to enhance participation by farmers characterized by an increased rate of adoption of agricultural technologies in the country.
A Survey of The Indigenous Pastors' Perception of The Foreign Missionaries in The Baptist Bible Mission of East Africa.
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2012-06) Situma, George M.W.
—atter of perception in a relationship is of paramount importance, especially in faithif any institution is to have a foreseen future. Two cannot have good they are in agreement as the Bible records in Amos 3:3. However, there are that have lived on this edge for decades. Once in a while, the world gets to read of =szerstandings and mishandlings in the daily papers. So, studies on the welfare of are needed to help and guide God's ministers in good and biblical relationship. To three questions were used, namely: (1) How did indigenous pastors perceive their the missionaries from the Western countries? (2) What factors contributed ;eceptions? (3) What were the possible ways to improve the indigenous Pastors' To achieve these, qualitative and quantitative research methods including and interviews were used. The snowballing sampling was used where one contact for the interview. The data was analyzed qualitatively and outstanding themes in the pastors' perception of their colleagues, the foreign missionaries. The came to Kenya, evangelized the Kenyan people and taught them the tenets of their z: Ft-=tice. The indigenous pastors gave a standing ovation to the work missionaries have s-ecially in evangelism and training pastors in the work of God. However, missionaries and trust in the indigenous pastors. Lack of confidence and trust was most in the fact that most pastors were not the custodians of the legal documents of their neither did they have any say over where these documents were kept. Pastors —issionaries to be private and not open to be understood. Lack of practical fellowship ase ministers has sent them mixed signals whether the missionaries loved and accepted —ority of the respondents thought missionaries looked down on them.

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