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Effects of Credit Card Incentives on Consumer Borrowing In Kenya: A Case of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2017) Mwende Joyce , Wachira Muturi and Amata Evans
Financial institutions have mainly relied on incentive programs as their main strategic driver to increase electronic payments, such as through use of credit cards. Credit cards have been globally acclaimed for their benefits that range from their ability to ensure tax-compliance, security, instant cash and their ability to facilitate settlement of cross-border transactions. However, there exists a great challenge of credit card usage, such as ease of accumulation of debts and high interest charges. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of credit card incentives on consumer borrowing in Kenya. The study employed a descriptive study approach using a sample size of 18 commercial banks offering credit card services. Selfadministered questionnaires were used to collect information. Credit card incentives were found to be a major contributor to credit card uptake. The study also found that most banks used incentives such as rewards for repeated use, low interest rates, traveling awards and benefits to influence the spending behavior of their clients. The study found credit card also affected spending behavior. It is concluded that credit card incentives can be effectively used by banks to increase use of credit cards. It is recommended that financial institutions should educated their customers on how to use their credit cards so that they do not fall into a debt trap.
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Generic Strategies On The Performance Of Level Four Public Hospitals In Nairobi County, Kenya
(School of Business and Economics, Daystar University, 2023-09) Samuel Achira
ABSTRACT Kenya's healthcare sector is facing a challenging and competitive market, and hospitals need to implement effective strategies to achieve sustainable performance. This study aimed to determine the influence of generic strategies on the performance of level four hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya. To achieve this aim, the study was guided by the following research objectives: to establish the influence of cost leadership on the performance of Level Four Hospitals in Nairobi County; to evaluate the influence of differentiation strategy on the performance of Level four Hospitals in Nairobi County; and to determine the influence of focus strategy on the performance of Level Four Hospitals in Nairobi County. The study used Porter’s generic model, resource-based theory, and contingency theory to investigate the importance of generic strategies in enhancing the organizational performance of public level 4 hospitals. The study adopted a descriptive research design, while data collection was done using structured questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis using the statistical package (SPSS v. 26). The findings revealed that while all three generic strategies, cost leadership (r= 0.131, p<0.05), differentiation (r= 0.239, p< 0.05), and focus (r= 0.219, p<0.05) have a positive influence on hospital performance. However, differentiation and focus strategies have a more significant influence than cost leadership strategies, as the correlation coefficient values indicate. In addition, these results are attributed to the fact that most services and products in these hospitals are government-sponsored, with the government bearing most of the associated costs that patients would typically bear. Hence, the study recommends that integrating and implementing generic strategies in the strategic plan of public hospitals and other public institutions is essential and beneficial as this will boost these institutions' financial and operational performance.
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Effect of Leaf Crude Extracts of Tarchonanthus Camphoratus (Asteraceae), Acalypha Fruticosa (Fabacea) and Tagetes Minuta (Asteraceae) on Fecundity of Phlebotomus Duboscqi
(American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2012-08) Mong’are, samuel; Ng’ang’a, Zipporah; Maranga, Rosebella; Osiemo, Zipporah; Ngure, Peter; Ngumbi, Philip; Tonui, Willy
Purpose: This study was carried out to find out the effects of Tarchonanthus Camphoratus (Asteraceae), Acalypha fruticosa (Fabacea) and Tagetes minuta (Asteraceae) crude extracts on the fecundity of P. duboscqi. Materials and Methods: The extracts were prepared from the dried aerial parts of T. camphoratus, A. fruticosa, and T. minuta. Ten female sand flies were aspirated into vials where they were fed on a mixture of the plant extracts and sucrose solution prepared in a ratio of 1:1. Results: These crude plant extracts were found to reduce the fecundity of P. duboscqi significantly (P< 0.05). The extracts were found to reduce the fecundity of P. duboscqi by 73% (A. fruticosa), 53% (T. minuta) and 26% (T. camphoratus) (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The higher level of A. fruticosa, T. minuta and T. camphoratus activities would potentially reduce the population of sand flies. This study has provided proof of the effects of these medicinal plants on the vectorial capacity of sand flies.
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Effects of Loyalty Programs on Financial Performance: The Moderating Role of Company Size
(African Multidisciplinary Journal of Research, 2019) Kiarie John , Kirori Gabriel and Wachira David
The purpose of this study was to develop an original framework to explore the direct effect of Loyalty programs on a firm’s financial performance and to discuss the moderating role of company size. The study applies two original concepts - Loyalty programs and company size to develop an integral model that enhances the firm’s financial performance. Secondary data was extracted from financial statements. Explanatory research design which was non-experimental in nature was employed to analyze the effect of company size on financial performance of selected service industry firms. Panel data analysis was used to link the relationship between the Loyalty programs, company size and financial performance. Findings indicated that company size moderates the relationship between loyalty programs and Financial Performance of the selected firms in the service industry in Kenya.
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Factors Influencing Strategy Implementation in the Tourism Industry: A Study of Maasai Mara National Park in Kenya
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2016) Imbali Tom , Muturi Willy and Abuga Mogwambo Vitalis
Many organizational failures occur due to inadequate implementation of strategy; that 66% of corporate strategy is never implemented creating strategy-to-performance gap than the gap in the formulation-to-implementation process. The ability to implement a strategy lies on firm’s ability to overcome obstacles through formula-toprocess implementation. The purpose of this study was to o evaluate the factors influencing strategy implementation in the tourism sector in Kenya particularly Maasai Mara national park. The objectives of the study were to examine the influence of change management on strategy implementation, to determine the influence of organizational culture on strategy implementation, to establish the influence of leadership on strategy implementation and to assess the influence of performance contracting on strategy implementation in the tourism industry in Kenya. This study adopted a case study design. The study target population was 132 respondents selected by census sampling technique. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics involved working out the percentages and frequencies and preparation of frequency tables. The findings of this study showed that constructs observed during change management activities to establish their influence on strategy implementation in the tourism sector found that organization pre-positioning as construct of change management influenced strategy implementation to a moderate extent, planning of implementation focus and support and consolidation were more influential on strategy implementation; values held by top management; strength of organizational culture relating to the degree of consistency of beliefs, values assumptions and practices in the sector was the most influential to strategy implementation; provision of leadership direction to implement strategies, persuading to seek goal setting for strategy implementation as elements of leadership were more influential on strategy implementation; clear planning and implementation correlation as a determinant for performance contracting was more influential to strategy implementation; finally the results leadership and change management factors were key factors influencing strategy implementation in the tourism sector particularly in national parks in Kenya. The study recommends that management and Kenya tourism board should use leadership and change management approaches to improve on strategy implementation in the sector.