An Assessment of Water Resource Management and Conflict Resolution Mechanisms in Isiolo County, Kenya

Abstract

In a world where resource scarcity often leads to conflict, particularly in areas where communities rely heavily on shared natural resources, understanding how resource management can foster peace is crucial. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between resource scarcity and conflict transformation in Isiolo County Kenya, focusing on the Borana, Samburu and Turkana communities. These communities have historically faced tensions and violent conflicts over limited natural resources, particularly water and grazing land. Specifically, the study was guided by the following objectives: to examine the resource management practices currently being used in Isiolo County, to explore the role of community leadership in managing resources and then to assess the effectiveness of government policies and interventions on resource management in Isiolo County. The study was grounded in Resource Scarcity and Social Ecological Resilience. The study employed convergent parallel mixed methods research design. Data was collected from local community members, resource management experts and key stakeholders involved in conflict resolution. The findings of the study established that conflict in pastoral communities stems from competition over grazing lands, especially during droughts. While water resource management has improved through storage tanks and dug wells, community involvement in grazing land remains inconsistent. Community leaders, through grazing committees, play a key role in enforcing sustainable grazing practices and reducing conflict. The government has significantly contributed through enactment of policies such as Water Act 2016 National Rangeland Management Policy 2021. Nonetheless, challenges like ethnic tensions, political instability, economic hardships and limited community participation need inclusive and transparent approaches. The study recommended that cohesive and mutual collaboration between government and community guided a structured engagement with emphasis on inclusive grazing management systems. Moreover, pastoralist communities should strengthen and expand the role of community leaders through formalization process and ensuring grazing committees’ function effectively with defined governance structure. Government should strengthen the existing policies to enhance sustainable use of natural resources such water and pasture that are vital in livestock rearing in dry areas.