School of Arts and Social Sciences

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The use of School assets in generation of supplementary Income for Secondary schools– a case of Nairobi province, Kenya
(School of Arts and Social Sciences, Daystar University, 2010-07) Obuchere, Joab Namai
Abstarct Education has been considered a basic constituent in the development process of any nation. The educated people always have skills that are vital for sustainable economic growth and improved standards of living. Secondary education, which is very vital in the economic development, is accorded a comparatively lower financial allocation. The prevailing case necessitates that this level of education devices means by which income can be mobilised to supplement the meagre resources accessed through public expenditure. The aim of this study was to investigate how school assets could be used to generate supplementary income for secondary school education in Nairobi Province. With the current limitation in the financial resources open to the educational system, it is vital for the school establishment to participate in financing education. Literature regarding trends in education costs and the place of school assets in bridging the financial resource gap was reviewed. Supplementary resources were found necessary in sustaining secondary education since the rapid increase in education cost can not be proportionate to the household income. The study targeted public secondary schools within Nairobi Province. Descriptive sample survey design was employed to study the population as it appears. A total of 16 public secondary schools were sampled for the study, representing 30% of the total population. The schools were stratified according to their categories. Proportionate random sampling was used to select particular schools for study. Categories with only one school were purposively selected for study. The questionnaire and observational schedule were used in data collection. Expert knowledge from my supervisors was indispensable in determining the validity of the instruments. A pilot study helped in determining reliability of the instruments. Descriptive statistics were used for final analysis of the collected data. The final findings showed that schools with extensive assets enjoyed higher income than schools with fewer assets. It was further established that some head teachers could not account for income accrued from use of school assets. Students from poor backgrounds used their free and holiday time to solicit for funds, which they used to supplement school fees requirements. It was recommended that schools should be more innovative and use assets to generate income. In-service training in real asset management and record keeping should be given to head teachers. Retrogressive laws that curtail head teachers‟ innovativeness should be abolished.
The Role of Civil Society in Climate Change Response and Mitigation Strategies: An Analysis of the Kenya Climate Change Working Group
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023-10) Muriithi, Anne Wangui
The Kenya Climate Change Working Group (KCCWG) was the focus of this study's analysis of the role of civil society in adaptation and mitigation tactics for climate change. Understanding how climate change affects Kenya and assessing the efficacy of mitigation measures implemented by various state and non-state entities are the driving forces behind the study. The study objectives were to examine the climate mitigation strategies and initiatives employed by the Kenya Climate Change Working Group, to analyze the effectiveness of the climate mitigation strategies and initiatives implemented by the Kenya Climate Change Working Group, and to analyze the challenges faced by the Kenya Climate Change Working Group in climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts. The Collective Action theory and the Social Movements theory inform the study. Semi-structured interviews and document analysis served as the main methods for collecting data in this qualitative study. These tools made it easier to explore participant perspectives, experiences, and knowledge on civil society participation in climate change activities. The study used a narrative analysis strategy to assess the data gathered under the study's goals. The population comprised the study population of the decision-makers, key informants, and stakeholders from the KCCWG and other pertinent organizations participating in Kenya's climate change governance and policy. The sample size was decided using a purposeful sampling technique, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were chosen based on their knowledge, participation in climate change activities, and capacity to offer insightful information about the function of civil society in climate change response and mitigation methods. The findings will help to fill policy and governance gaps, assess the efficacy of present mitigation efforts, and highlight the potential effects of climate change on Kenya's socioeconomic and natural systems.
Chinese Economic Diplomacy and Real Estate Development in Kenya: Case Study of Lavington Estate in Nairobi, 2002-2020.
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023-09) Kihuria, Gladys Nyawira
The study delved into the relationship between Chinese economic diplomacy and real estate development in Kenya, focusing on the case study of the Lavington Estate in Nairobi from 2002-2020. The research investigates the influence of Chinese economic diplomacy on the development of the Lavington Estate. Kenyan and Chinese political leaders have shaped this economics-driven diplomacy. The study was based on objectives which included examining the nature of Chinese real estate property development in Lavington, assessing the social-economic benefits of Chinese real estate development in Lavington, and investigating the challenges faced by the Chinese real estate developers in Lavington. The study used dependency and the investment theory. It utilized a mixed-method research design. The study used questionnaires and interviews. The findings show that there had been increased traffic congestion that leads to increased stress levels due to the increase of high-rise buildings, gated communities, and commercial spaces. The findings of socioeconomic benefits were by luring in more people and an increase in economic activity. Moreover, encouraging entrepreneurship can help foster economic growth. The study also found that developers must maneuver a network of regulations and laws to approve their projects. Developers might find it challenging to get the permits needed to start construction. The developer must be informed of the local rules and regulations. The developer also has to be aware of any zoning. This study recommends that developers should either look outside Lavington for land. Future studies should be done on the implications of Chinese investment in the real estate sector.
Assessment of Grief and Academic Resilience among Adolescents: Case of Selected Citam-Primary Schools In Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, 2023-10) Komu, Purity Esther
Grief can be traumatizing and at times affect someone’s ability to perform particular task or ability to produce a particular outcome. The purpose of this study was to assess grief and academic resilience among adolescent in selected primary schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specifically, the study was guided by the following objectives: to assess the level of grief among adolescent in selected primary schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya. To establish the level of academic resilience among adolescent in selected primary schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya, to investigate the relationship between grief and academic resilience among adolescent in selected primary schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya and to analyze the grief coping strategies among adolescent in selected primary schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study was informed by the attachment theory, the dual process model of coping with bereavement theory, and the resilience theory. The study was done in CITAM Woodley Academy. The study used descriptive research design. The study utilized primary data collected using both open ended and closed questionnaires. The study used a sample size of 231 learners. The collected data was analyzed with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). According to the findings from the Pearsons correlation matrix the study concluded that grief has a statistically significant weak negative relationship between grief and academic resilience of adolescents in selected CITAM-primary schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya.
Assessment on the Nature of Inter-Ethnic Conflict between Communities in Marakwet East Sub-County, Kenya
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023-10) Tuitoek, Amos Kipchirchir
This study conducted an in-depth assessment of inter-ethnic conflict in Marakwet East Sub-County, focusing on the Pokot and Marakwet communities. The persistence in the ethnic strife between the Marakwet and Pokot communities has negatively impacted the development and security of the region for decades. Reports indicate that several lives have been lost and communities displaced due to the protracted conflict despite interventions to resolve it. The three specific objectives that guided the study are: assessing the causes of inter-ethnic conflicts, exploring conflict management strategies, and evaluating their efficacy in the region. Guided by Karl Marx's structural conflict theory and Johan Galtung's conflict transformation theory, this research aimed at a comprehensive understanding of conflict dynamics. A mixed-method approach was employed, with 400 participants selected purposefully to represent the entire population. Primary data was obtained using questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informants’ interviews while secondary data was obtained through content analysis. Findings revealed multifaceted causes of this fighting, mainly competition over scarce resources (68.44%). Conflict management strategies, such as peace-building initiatives were identified, but with varied success. The study recommends equitable resource-sharing mechanisms, particularly for land and water resources, to reduce conflict triggers and the adoption of alternative economic activities to resolve conflicts. In conclusion, this research enhances our understanding of inter-ethnic conflict dynamics and offers insights for improving conflict management. It emphasizes collaborative efforts among stakeholders to ensure lasting peace between the Pokot and Marakwet communities in the Marakwet East Sub-County.
Bilateral Labour Agreements between Kenya and Gulf States on the Human Security of Migrant Workers: The Case of Kenyan Domestic Workers in Saudi Arabia
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023-10) Muturi, Maureen Wanjiku
Migration is a key component of our world today and when supported with appropriate policies, can contribute to inclusive and sustainable development in both the sending and receiving states (United Nations et al., 2020). Even with the numerous advantages that come with migration, migrants continue to be among the most vulnerable members of the society (Martius, 2017). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of signed Bilateral Labour Agreements (BLAs) between Kenya and Gulf States on the human security of migrant workers. This is particularly for Kenyan migrant domestic workers working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study was underpinned on Lee’s Push and Pull theory of migration. Further, the study employed a combination of descriptive and explanatory research designs. Data was collected qualitatively using Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews. The study found that Kenyans seek employment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) due to limited job opportunities and higher wages. Contracts are multilingual, covering working conditions, rights and obligations of parties. Kenyan migrant domestic workers in the KSA faced a number of challenges. These include language barriers, cultures differnces, long working hours with no rest and in some cases, denial of food and medical attention. The study suggested that there is need for a whole government approach to address the welfare and protection of Kenyan migrant workers in KSA, a dedicated budget account, empowerment of the Joint Implementation Committee, establishment of a Diaspora Integrated Information Management System and the lack of government presence in the KSA to be addressed.
Non-Governmental Organizations’ Healthcare Interventions in Mukuru-Sinai Urban Informal Settlements, Nairobi County, Kenya.
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023-08) Kariiru, Grace Gladys Wamuyu
While NGO healthcare interventions come in to fill the governmental healthcare gaps in urban informal settlements, they continue to register significant unsustainability. This study aimed to assess NGO healthcare interventions in Mukuru-Sinai urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The study’s objectives were to examine awareness of NGO healthcare interventions’; to evaluate the effectiveness of NGO healthcare interventions, and to assess community involvement in NGO healthcare interventions. This study was based on a mixed methods research methodology. The study found that most (85 percent) participants were aware of NGO healthcare interventions in Mukuru Sinai, majorly through Reuben Radio. In addition, the study’s findings established that NGO healthcare interventions were cost-effective in decreasing disease prevalence and mortality. Conversely, the interventions were ineffective in disease prevention and increasing essential medical equipment in Mukuru-Sinai health facilities. Moreover, the study found insufficient community representation and ownership in NGO healthcare intervention processes. The study recommended that NGO healthcare interventions develop innovative technologies, especially SMS-based healthcare information services, to boost the timeliness of NGO healthcare interventions' communication outreach and coverage in Mukuru-Sinai. Secondly, the study recommended that the health NGOs conduct research throughout their healthcare interventions to collect real-time feedback on what is working or not working. Lastly, the study suggested that health NGOs establish community advisory boards and community-led committees among primary proactive measures to empower community ownership and sustainability of NGO healthcare interventions beyond their timelines.
Analyzing Counter-Terrorism Measures in Cybersecurity and Risk Preparedness of the Telecommunication Sector in Kenya: A Case Study of Safaricom Head Office, Nairobi
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023-10) Kamau, Ruth Wanjiku
The rise in cases of cyberattacks has become a call to the telecommunication sector in Kenya to revise and improve its counter terrorism measures to increase their level of risk preparedness against cyberattacks. The study aimed to analyze counter-terrorism measures in cybersecurity and risk preparedness of the telecommunication sector in Kenya. The study was based on three objectives which included; To evaluate the impact of cybersecurity awareness programs on enhancing risk preparedness, to assess the effectiveness of data access control measures in mitigating risks and enhancing risk preparedness, and to examine the role of cybersecurity legal frameworks on the level of risk preparedness in the telecommunication sector in Kenya. The theoretical foundation was based on the concept of Securitization theory which focuses on how security issues are constructed and framed as urgent threats requiring exceptional measure. The study employed a quantitative research design that targeted key informants from the Safaricom Head Office in Nairobi. A structured questionnaire was administered to the key informants to obtain primary data for analysis using the SPSS statistical software generating descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings demonstrated a strong and positive relationship between awareness programs, data access control measures, and legal frameworks with cybersecurity and the level of risk preparedness in Kenya's telecommunications sector. The study concluded that consistent staff training on cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities significantly enhances cybersecurity and risk preparedness, underscoring the importance of investing in training programs and employing cybersecurity experts. The study recommends that telecommunication companies prioritize comprehensive training programs focused on cybersecurity awareness and risk preparedness.
Assessing the Effects of African Traditional Widowhood Rituals on Widow Rights in Alego Usonga Sub-County, Siaya County, Kenya
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023-07) Williams ,Eleanor Nosurum
Traditional African teachings emphasized the importance of community, mutual respect, and caring, among other principles. However, there was a discrepancy between these teachings and the treatment of widows, as practices such as widowhood rites, female genital mutilation, and betrothal were still prevalent in many parts of the world, including Kenya, despite the existence of international human rights conventions. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of African traditional widowhood rituals on widow's rights in Alego Usonga Sub-County, Siaya County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to assess the nature of widowhood rituals in Alego Usonga Sub-County, Siaya County, Kenya; evaluate the extent to which the widowhood rituals affected widow's rights in Alego Usonga Sub-County, Siaya County, Kenya; and analyze the measures put in place to mitigate the infringement of widow's rights in Alego Usonga Sub-County, Siaya County, Kenya. The Theory of Feminist Theory supported this study's topic and the specific objectives. The study used descriptive research. The study population consisted of 600 participants who were the key informants of the study. Based on the Taro Yamane sample size determination formula, the sampled participants who participated were 186. The study relied on structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews as one of the several sources of primary data collection tool. A pilot testing was conducted to confirm the reliability and validity of the research instrument. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the help of MS Excel. The qualitative data generated from the interviews were analyzed by using content analysis. The narratives were presented around the study objectives, namely, the nature of widowhood rituals, the extent to which the widowhood rituals affected widow's rights, and the efficacy of the measures put in place to mitigate the infringement of widow's rights. A study on widowhood rituals reveals diverse perspectives within the community, highlighting variations in perceptions of personal hygiene, widow inheritance, stripping of clothes, and stigmatization of widows. The performance of cleansing rituals after the husband's death also receives mixed opinions. The study emphasizes the significant impact of widowhood rituals on widows' lives, including psychological distress, social isolation, economic challenges, and discrimination. Measures to mitigate the infringement of widow's rights, such as education campaigns, enforcement of human rights laws, economic support programs, and legal reforms, receive varying levels of agreement. The study recommends developing programs to address misconceptions, advocating for legal reforms, and fostering community involvement to provide support to widows.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Entry into the East African Community (EAC): Its Significance for Regional Integration
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023-09) Basema, Axelle Linda
In an era marked by the imperative of post-independence development and the pursuit of national and regional progress, the Democratic Republic of the Congo's (DRC) admission into the East African Community (EAC) emerges as a laudable step towards bolstering regional integration. This study asserts that the DRC's entry into the EAC represents a significant milestone in enhancing regional cohesion and economic cooperation. Nevertheless, this promising endeavor is confronted by governance challenges both within the DRC and among EAC member states and other Regional Economic Communities (RECs), which, if left unaddressed, could erode the long-term optimism surrounding this integration effort. This study sheds light on the opportunities and challenges arising from the DRC's multiple memberships in RECs and common markets, ultimately emphasizing the need for a vigilant and concerted effort to harness the true transformative power of regional integration. This study used the descriptive research design to describe the issues relating to the strengths and setbacks of regional integration and was qualitative. After data collection, the research shows that DRC's multiple memberships to RECs and common markets present sustainable economic development opportunities. However, challenges require efforts and attention for every member state specifically. The EAC's regional integration efforts show progress and impact, but continued tracking is needed. Through a lens that combines neo-functionalism and intergovernmentalism theories, this research critically examined the multifaceted dynamics of regional integration within the EAC and the implications of the DRC's admission. It underscores the importance of stability, coordination, and cooperation as pivotal factors in realizing the full potential of successful regional integration. At the end of the study, a few recommendations were given by the researcher for further studies.
The Impact of Sexual Reproductive Health Rights on Community Security in Mavoko Constituency, Machakos County, Kenya
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023-10) Gichuiri, Rachael Wanjugu
Sexual Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) encompasses access to information, services, and decision-making autonomy. This study examined the impact of sexual reproductive health rights on community in Mavoko Constituency, Machakos County, Kenya. The study objectives were; investigating the level of SRHR awareness and emerging trends; evaluating the impact of SRHR on Community Security; and assessing ways in which SRHR can be used to improve Community Security. The study highlighted that when individuals, irrespective of their gender, have access to comprehensive SRHR services and information; they are better able to make informed decisions about their sexual and reproductive health. Thus, SRHR interventions that promote gender equality, including addressing gender-based violence, female genital mutilation, child marriages, unsafe abortions, contribute to creation of secure community environment. Further, the study examined how exposure to SRHR can contribute to community security by reducing maternal and infant mortality, improving postnatal care and child health outcomes, and promoting healthy sexual relationships. The study used an explanatory convergent mixed-methods approach. Surveys were administered to adolescent girls and boys in three centers in Mavoko constituency to find out the extent of exposure to SRHR. At the same time, qualitative data were acquired through in-depth interviews with the parents, and law enforcement authorities to know the impact of awareness to SRHR (or the lack of it) to community security. This study concluded that the level of awareness about SRHR and emerging trends was low among adolescent girls and boys as well as parents. Additionally, most of the adolescents couldn’t tell if SRHR has affected their security in any way, hence the need for a campaign that is made specifically to cater to Mavoko Constituency to raise awareness. The study also recommends parental involvement in SRHR matters, institutional support for the adolescent girls and boys and finally meaningful engagement of adolescent girls and boys in SRHR initiatives within and without Mavoko Constituency.
The Impact of Working Conditions under the Kafala System on the Experiences of Kenyan Domestic Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia (2018-2022)
(Daystar University, School of Arts and Social Sciences, 2023-10) Mwangi, Winnie Wambui
There is a high unemployment rate in Kenya (7% in 2022). Consequently, many Kenyans have been driven to seek job opportunities abroad. Many unskilled workers travel to Middle Eastern countries to work in unskilled labour. Many migrants, however, report about exploitation, harassment, and physical violence. This qualitative study sought to explore the challenges Kenyan domestic workers face in Saudi Arabia, the role played by decisions made by the Kenyan and Saudi governments, and the obstacles to accessing justice. A qualitative research methodology was employed to collect data. The study relied on purposive sampling, whereby returnee workers were selected through snowballing (n =13), Kenyan Foreign Affairs officials and Saudi Embassy officials (n = 3), and human rights groups (n = 2). Primary data was gathered qualitatively through interviews, and secondary data was amassed through a thorough examination of published records. These interviews were recorded and later transcribed verbatim. Subsequently, coding was conducted, followed by thematic analysis. The study clearly shows that the Kafala system is a key reason for the mistreatment and abuse of Kenyan workers in Saudi Arabia. Official statements from governments do not match the real, often harsh, experiences of these workers. The study also finds that these workers face significant challenges in accessing legal help. These results point to serious gaps in both policy and its execution. The implications of these findings are immediate and far-reaching, suggesting an urgent need for protective mechanisms for current workers and serving as a basis for long-term policy reforms. The study concludes that a multi-pronged approach involving an overhaul of the Kafala system and strengthened bilateral agreements is essential for mitigating the challenges faced by Kenyan labour migrants. Recommendations include immediate policy review and leveraging the best international practices for labour protection.
Assessing The Efficacy Of The Traditional Dispute Resolution Mechanisms: Case Of Maslaha System Among Somali Clans In Mandera, Kenya
(School of Arts and Social Sciences, Daystar University, 2023-10) Ali Hassan Abdi
ABSTRACT In Kenya, the perennial conflicts between pastoralist communities have been a recurring theme and almost the order of the day since immemorial. One notable conflict is inter-clan clashes between and among the Somali clans living in Mandera County. The study aimed to gauge the efficacy of a notable traditional dispute resolution mechanism called the Maslaha system in resolving disputes among the Somali clans in Mandera County. The study was guided by three specific objectives: to examine the nature of conflicts among the Somali clans in Mandera, Kenya. Secondly, the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Maslaha system as a traditional dispute resolution mechanism among the Somali clans in Mandera, Kenya, and finally, to evaluate the challenges of using the Maslaha system in resolving disputes among the Somali clans in Mandera, Kenya. Social Conflict theory was used to expound on the existence of conflicts among the clans in the study area. The study employed a mixed method approach where qualitative and quantitative data was gathered for analysis using FGD, key informants, and a questionnaire survey. The study used descriptive and explanatory research design while using purposive sampling techniques to identify key informants and FGD groups. 139 respondents were contacted through a questionnaire, 7 key informants, and 2 FGD groups. The study findings revealed the multifaceted, intricate web of conflict that characterized the clans in the study, ranging from inter-clan to boundary and disputes over resources. The study also revealed that clans in the study area find the Maslaha system as a dispute resolution mechanism and their way of life deeply embedded into their cultural fabric. Finally, the study also established that Maslaha has several weaknesses that should be addressed to fortify the system. Therefore, the study also made some key recommendations on fortifying the Maslaha and making it more effective.
An Assessment Of The Economic And Social Reintegration Of Returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters In Kwale County, Kenya
(School of Arts and Social Sciences, Daystar University, 2024-10) Lillian Leposo
ABSTRACT The Global Terrorism Index indicates that Sub-Saharan Africa is currently “the epicenter of terrorism” accounting for almost half of the terrorism-related deaths in the world. Therefore, there is urgent need to shrink the pool for recruitment of potential terrorist fighters. To accomplish this, counter-terrorism operations, and its sub-set of countering violent extremism efforts, needs the often-ignored insights and perspectives of the returning foreign ‘terrorist’ fighters (hereafter returnees). Therefore, this study adopted qualitative research carried out in in Kwale County, focused on the government’s amnesty for returnees from Somalia of 2015. Kwale was chosen as a field study site because it is one of the counties – alongside Mombasa and Lamu – that has been a traditional target for radicalization by al-Shabaab and the region that accounts for the largest population of the returnees. The study findings reflect the perspectives of the returnees on the factors that contributed to, and those that impeded the success of their economic and social reintegration back into their host communities. This study recommends that the government treats with urgency the issue of legitimizing the amnesty program through an Act of Parliament. This study focused on the male returnees from Somalia but there were women and children who also returned under the amnesty program. Research findings on these vulnerable groups of people and the challenges that they encounter in their reintegration are largely missing, and so scholarly studies would be beneficial in filling this gap.
Youth (Dis) Enfranchisement, Political Mobilisation And Electoral Violence In Kenya: A Case Study Of Kawangware Informal Settlement (2007-2017)
(School of Arts and Social Sciences, Daystar University, 2023-09) Thelma Nabwire Mondoh
ABSTRACT Elections hold a significant role within the realm of regime-studies literature. Existing research suggests that elections lacking fairness often result in issues like electoral violence. In Kenya, election-related violence involving the youth has been prominent since 1992, with some instances of their involvement documented, though not extensively. The present study examined youth disenfranchisement, political mobilisation, and electoral violence in Kenya, utilising the Kawangware informal settlement in Nairobi as a case study. By conducting the study in Kawangware, the researcher filled the gap in literature observed and was able to provide a better understanding of the pervasive issues in the ward. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between youth disenfranchisement and political mobilisation in Kenya, with the Kawangware informal settlement serving as a case study. To explore potential reasons for youth engagement in election violence, the study was driven by the core ideas and assumptions of Robert Agnew's General Strain Theory and Kimberle Crenshaw’s Intersectionality Approach. In this study, a mixed methods research approach was adopted. The research's population included youth in Kawangware, key informants from the police, NGOs and youth groups, the local administration, village elders, and community leaders. To identify respondents, stratified and purposive sampling procedures were used. Questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions were used to collect data. CAQDAS was used to analyse qualitative data, whereas IBM SPSS - 25 was used to analyse quantitative data. According to the findings, youth in Kawangware are considerably disenfranchised in all aspects of social life except voting. Politicians were also identified as the primary perpetrators of political mobilisation that resulted in electoral violence. The study recommended that providing several options for youth advancement in life, as well as keeping politicians accountable, could therefore effectively minimise youth participation in election violence in Kawangware.
The Role Of Kenya’s Contemporary Musicians In The East African Community Integration Process
(School of Arts and Social Sciences, Daystar University, 2023-10) Elmad Ongere Odondi
ABSTRACT This research examines the contribution contemporary musicians can make in the efforts towards improving the integration of East African Community (EAC) member states socially and economically. Music has throughout history played a crucial role in political and Pan-Africanist movements across the continent –ranging from mobilizing the masses to take part in the uprising against colonial powers, encouraging patriotism, wooing voters to take part in elections, playing an activist role against poor leadership among others. The key objectives of the study were to first, examine Kenya’s contemporary musicians’ perception on the potential of contemporary music in aiding regional integration; second to establish areas in which contemporary music in Kenya can be improved to maximize its socio-economic benefits; and lastly to assess challenges faced by Kenya’s contemporary musicians in expanding their audience across the borders. This study is qualitative and it employed the use of depth interviews and focus group discussions with various stakeholders in the Kenyan music industry based in the capital, Nairobi. In the study, it became evident that music possesses a lot of power and it would be in order to tap this power towards African socio-economic development and integration efforts.
The Efficacy Of Conflict Resolution Mechanisms Among Pastoralist Communities In Saku Sub-County In Marsabit County, Kenya Between 2015-2022
(School of Arts and Humanities, Daystar University, 2024-10) Mamo Isako Jaldesa
ABSTRACT This study sought to investigate the efficacy of conflict resolution mechanisms on cohesion among pastoralist communities in Saku Sub- County in Marsabit County between 2015 and 2022. The research objectives were to; analyse the causes of community conflicts in Saku sub-County, examine the approaches employed in the management of the conflict in Saku sub-County between 2015 and 2022 and assess the efficacy of the conflict resolution mechanisms in Saku sub-County between 2015 and 2022. Protracted Social Conflict Theory (PSCT) by Edward Azar and Conflict Resolution Theory (Marx, 1818) guided the study. The study employed a mixed method design combining descriptive and explanatory research designs. The study collected quantitative and qualitative data and utilized a sample size of 138 respondents. The study used questionnaires, structured interview guides, and focus group discussions for collecting primary data. Qualitative data was thematically evaluated, while quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 24). The study found the causes of conflicts to include a lack sufficient resources and capabilities by leadership to effectively address conflicts that arise within the community, lack of dedicated groups or organizations specifically responsible for handling conflicts within the community, unequitable power-sharing arrangements resulting in certain groups feeling disadvantaged or marginalized. The study also found that the conflict resolution approaches used included use of village elders and leadership councils in resolving conflicts and maintaining peace, public institutions like police stations, courts, and government administrations in ensuring peace and upholding the rule of law within the community. Further, the community also relied on litigation and adjudication processes to address conflicts. For efficacy, village elders and leadership councils played a significant role in many communities, possessing wisdom, experience, and influence. Their involvement in conflict resolution is often valued due to their understanding of local customs, traditions, and interpersonal dynamics. Negotiating was also considered a high-efficacy method as it involved parties engaging in dialogue and discussions to find mutually acceptable solutions. The study concluded that village elders and leadership councils played a vital role in resolving conflicts within the community, lack of community involvement left people feeling disconnected from the conflicts as they did not perceive them as directly affecting them. The study recommended that there is a need for existing peacekeeping and conflict resolution organizations to intensify their performance of the duties they are assigned and extremely enhance service to the community to avoid stigmatization of the government on grounds that they are not performing or serving them.
Reward Management Strategy And Job Satisfaction Among Public Secondary School Teachers In Bunia City, Democratic Republic Of The Congo
(School of Business and Economics, Daystar University, 2023-10) Aimy T. Badimuka
ABSTRACT Teacher job satisfaction is essential for effective teaching and learning. However, teachers in public secondary schools in the city of Bunia, DRC, face a number of challenges, including low salaries, poor working conditions, and a lack of opportunities for professional development. These challenges can lead to low job satisfaction, which can have a number of negative consequences, such as high turnover intent, irregularities at work, strike movements, absenteeism, tardiness, and poor productivity. This study aimed to; establish reward strategies adopted in public secondary schools in Bunia, DRC, evaluate job satisfaction among teachers in public secondary school in Bunia City, DRC, and examine the effect of reward management strategy on job satisfaction among public secondary school teachers in Bunia City, DRC. The study used a descriptive research design to collect data from 101 teachers and 15 school administrators using a questionnaire and interview guide, respectively. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Analysis was used to correlate reward strategies and job satisfaction. The results showed that reward management strategy has a positive relationship with job satisfaction. However, the competence-based pays were inadequate, the work environment and benefits did not meet teacher expectations and needs, and most teachers accessed training and development programs. To improve teacher satisfaction, the study recommends the government and school authorities in Bunia City, DRC should raise salaries, provide better benefits, and create a more supportive work environment. This includes ensuring fair pay practices, a safe work environment, adequate input materials and facilities, and a reasonable work schedule. These measures will help teachers meet their basic needs, have a secure financial future, take time off when needed, and avoid burnout.
Marginalization And Insecurity Among Pastoralist Communities In Kenya: A Case Of East Pokot.
(School of Arts and Social Sciences, Daystar University, 2023-10) Jimmy Otieno Gor
ABSTRACT Despite interventions by the Government and other development agencies, the Pokot community in East Pokot is often caught up in conflict with their neighbours, a factor that reveals a more complex scenario, often in the context of marginalization. This study sought to analyze the relationship between marginalization and insecurity among the Pokot of East Pokot, Baringo County. The study employed an exploratory research design with the Primary data being gathered through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) in five areas in East Pokot villages considered as conflict hotspots, and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with other stakeholders. Data from secondary sources including documents and news media was used to help provide context, and understand marginalization indicators, as well as the social, economic, and political environment in East Pokot. The findings reveal that the Pokot in East Pokot perceive marginalization from various quarters, including the government, media, neighbors, and leaders. Additionally, the study identifies direct and indirect links between this perceived marginalization and the conflict in East Pokot. The most effective interventions included livelihood and environmental support, education initiatives, and peace campaigns, particularly those featuring participatory and targeted engagements and a mindset and behaviour change approach. The study recommends policy interventions that promote distributive justice, equalization, and affirmative action, as well as the establishment of policies and practices that support pastoral livelihood and the pastoral economy. The study also recommends the use of integrated interventions that will help reduce the immediate vulnerabilities while also working on long-term mindset and behaviour change.
Investigation Of Forms Of Discrimination Experienced By The Transgender Community In Kenya And Their Impact: A Case Of Nairobi County
(School of Arts and Humanities, Daystar University, 2023-10) Lydiah W. Ndiinu
ABSTRACT For this study, transgender people refer to people who have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex or a person whose gender identity, outward appearance, expression and or anatomy does not fit into conventional expectations of either male or female. In this study, the term transgender will also encompass gender non-conforming persons. This study was guided by the following general objective, to investigate the forms of discrimination experienced by the transgender community in Kenya and their impact, specific to Nairobi County, and the following specific objectives which is to investigate the copying strategies of persons who have undergone transgender, to assess the impact of discrimination among persons who have undergone transgender in Nairobi, to investigate the coping strategies of persons who have undergone transgender among the transgender community in Nairobi. The study adopted gender theory, queer theory, and trans theory, Data was collected using questionnaire, the target popolution was Persons aged 18 years and above. A sample of 60 participants was selected randomly, the study employed qualitative method and quantitative method was analyzed using SPSS 26 Version and the results revealed that there was indeed discrimination amongst trans-gender people living in Nairobi the study recommended that the National Government and the County Government of Nairobi should promote the inclusion of everyone in all spheres of life that is social, economic and political, without bias, including gender bias, as enshrined in the constitutionthere.

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