Doctor of Philosophy Dissertations
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Item A Comparative Study On The Effectiveness Of Mindfulness Cognitive Behaviour Therapy And 12-Step Model On Relapse Prevention Among Persons With Substance Use Disorder In Selected Rehabilitation Centers In Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2022-09) Anundo, Jacqueline A.Item A Constitutive Communication Approach to Corporate Reputation Management of Global Logistics Corporations in Kenya: A Case Study of DHL Worldwide Express, Kenya Limited(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2023-01) Omondi, Daniel OnyangoThe study explored how organizational reputation is created, developed, and maintained as a result of interaction between employees and external stakeholders in the context of global logistics corporations in Kenya, with a focus on DHL Express Kenya. The study objectives are concerned with analysing how communication between employees and external stakeholders on DHL’s identity creates and maintains the organization’s reputation; examining how communication and employee engagement create and maintains DHL’s reputation; assessing how communication spurs employee behaviour that creates and maintains DHL’s reputation. DHL was studied because, despite its existential crisis, it has remained one of the most reputable companies in the world. The study’s theoretical framework was drawn from the constitutive communication model, and specifically, the Four Flows theory of Robert McPhee. The research privileged a qualitative approach that emphasised a single case study research method. In addition to using multiple data generation techniques, data were analysed thematically. The study findings revealed that i) member identification is promoted by management policies and strategies, ii) collective communication and collaboration spurs organizational reputation, iii) technology assisted communication improves processes in an organization and iv) corporate identity management strategies such as compliance and customer centric culture were at play. Based on the findings, the study concludes that communication is constituted in the activities and operations of DHL Express, and this enables it to create and maintain good rapport with internal and external stakeholders. Furthermore, the assumption that membership negotiation is a permanent feature of DHL Express as it reduces the intention to leave can be challenged in the realities of life. The study recommends that organizations need to prioritise communicative connection in everything they do and communicate effectively to ensure employees are coordinated to attain organizational goals. Moreover, organisations should not allow their hierarchical structure to asphyxiate communication. Future studies should emphasise a quantitative research design as well as explore perspectives of external stakeholders on the phenomena investigated in the present study.Item An Actor-Network Analysis of the Use of the World Wide Web in a Kenyan Newsroom’s Journalistic Practice: A Case Of Capital Fm(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2017-11) Wamunyu, Irene WambuiThe incorporation of digital technologies in for-profit newsrooms has led to disruptions in journalism hierarchies, business models, norms, and practices across the world. In African newsrooms, these disruptions have received a paucity of scholarly attention, and even those have tended towards policy and regulatory matters, or normative analyses founded on the Western liberal democratic model. This study interrogated the incorporation of the web in Kenyan journalistic practice by following the process as undertaken at Capital FM, the country’s pioneer commercial radio station. The study set out to establish the human and technological actors engaged in journalistic practice at Capital FM, as well as determine the nature of interaction among those actors, and the outcomes of those interactions. The research used a socio-technical theoretical lens and applied case study research design with four data collection tools, namely observation, interviews, netnography, and document review. The study used a six-step framework to reduce, organise and evaluate the data. Actor-network theory informed the identification of the actors, their interactions, and the outcomes of those interactions. A thematic analysis was also applied to more deeply interrogate and interpret the data. The two analytical approaches established that Capital FM practiced a networked journalism enacted by multiple human, technological and corporate actants, resulting in modifications and disruptions that were manifested in various efforts of labour, controversies, movement among actors, new roles, and spatial location. New roles were enrolled into journalistic practice, and new practices had become routinised. Audiences had acquired a powerful role through web metrics which informed journalists’ routines and sense of self-identity. Journalistic practice had a new definition, and the blurring of lines between editorial and promotional content had opened new lines of revenue generation even while disrupting the normative values underlying news production. Globalised practices, such as the use of open-source applications, had standardised aspects of the journalism enacted in geographically diverse networked newsrooms. The study also held that actor-network theory was useful in interrogating power dynamics within a networked newsroom context. The study further posited that a new type of commercial news media company had emerged in the Kenyan context, and was defined under the following thematic categories: organisational culture, key decision makers, content, revenue, and infrastructure. The study recommended greater collaboration and interaction between personnel in the two spatial locations to promote greater innovation around content development and an increased understanding among all of the web’s potential as a news platform. It also posited that the web was treated as an online version of a newspaper. This frequently limited the news content to two-dimensional presentations of news yet human actants in the news production process could make greater use of the web’s multimediality, hypertextuality, and interactivity. The study also called for greater reflection among media houses about the implications of the new revenue generation opportunities vis-à-vis journalistic practice.Item Analysis of child attachment behavior of domestically and internationally adopted children in Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2016-05) Ayuya, Caroline VihendaItem Appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies in Enhancing Community Access and Participation in Select Community Radio Stations in Kenya(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2021-11) Mwangi, Susan WanjaThis study focused on community radio in Kenya with an emphasis on the changing nature of community access and participation due to the integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in community radio broadcasting. The objectives of the study were to determine how the internet and mobile phones are incorporated into community radio stations, examine the role of ICTs in promoting community participation through the decision making and content production in community radio, and investigate the extent to which ICTs enhance community access to community radio stations. This study was premised upon the domestication theory, the participatory culture model, and Fraser’s (1990) notion of alternative public sphere. It adopted a multiple case study design with the use of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, document review, and observation for data collection. The findings showed that the radio stations under study, that is, Amani FM, Bus Radio FM, and Kangema RANET FM, demonstrated that they had adapted digital technologies, although the community members did not fully participate in the decision-making process of the stations. The ICTs helped them improve the quality of the radio stations’ programmes, gather news and information, interact with their audiences, and communicate with their sponsors and donors at a greater scale. However, most of the participants still preferred to listen to radio programmes through traditional radio instead of using the internet, social media, or mobile phones. This study recommends that when integrating community radio with ICTs, the needs, perceptions, and expectations of the community radio station and potential challenges that this integration may bring to the community around it should be considered. The access of the community to the ICTs and their level of digital literacy should also be considered.Item Assessing The Role Of Village Savings And Loans Model In Improving Livelihoods Of Self-Help Group Members In Uriri Sub-County, Migori County–Kenya.(School of Applied Human Sciences, Daystar University, 2023-10) Olwal, FredrickABSTRACT This study aimed at assessing the role of the VS&L model in improving the livelihoods of members of self-help groups in Uriri Sub-county. The study’s objectives were; examine services provided to members of the self-help groups (SHG) by VS&L, establish factors that motivate SHGs to adopt the VS&L and assess the role of the SHG in improving the livelihoods of household members. The study used Social Capital theory and Group Development theory. The study target population 1,285 SHG members, the study sample size 129 members’, 6 Officials of SHGs and 1 Sub-county officer. The study used structured questionnaires for primary respondents and in-depth interview guides for key informants. The data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 25. The study reported cheap credit with low interest rate, easy borrowing procedures, flexible saving habits and short cycle that is flexible the main services provided to SHG members (mean 1.00 and standard deviation 0.000). Study established that the motivating factors for adoption of VS&L were group management style, group organization, credit worthiness, regular meetings, having social interaction with others and provision of start-up money from other actors (Mean 1.00 and standard deviation 0.000). The study further reported livelihood and poverty reduction 121(93.9%), economic security 93(71.7%) and support the business enterprise 82(63.6%) the main roles of VS&L in improving livelihood. The study concluded that the services provided to members, factors that motivate and role of VS&L had an influence on the overall role of VS&L in improving the livelihood of SHG members. The study recommended SHG to strengthened attendance of VS&L transaction meetings and strong group dynamic for effective functionality and sustainability of VS&L. The study further recommended the integration of financial education and entrepreneurship skills with VS&L trainings for improvement of livelihood and economic empowerment.Item Cognitive Behavioral Intervention For Trauma In Schools (CBITS) In Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Adolescents In Selected Public Primary Schools In Informal Settlements, Kajiado County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, 2020-10) Ochieng-Munda, Preskilla AkothAdolescents living in informal settlements are likely to be exposed to multiple traumatic events, possibly leading to disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study assessed the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in Schools (CBITS) in alleviating PTSD symptoms among adolescents living in informal settlements in Kajiado County, Kenya. Functional descriptive model of posttraumatic growth and organismic valuing process theories were applied in the study carried out at Embulbul and Enoomatasiani primary schools. Through simple random sampling, a sample of 212 was achieved, and via quasi-experimental design, the schools were purposely sampled and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS-5-R) was applied to include participants aged 10-14 years in grades 5-7 and with scores of 31 to 60. The experimental group received 10 weekly CBITS sessions. Both groups were assessed at baseline, midline, and end line using SDQ, CPSS-5-R, MSPSS, and PTGI-C-R. The study data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as ANOVA, with the aid of SPSS version 20. PTSD was found to have a prevalence rate of 40.8% whereas gender was associated with PTSD: males n=90; mean=42.02: 95% CI [40.18-43.91]; females n=104; 45.56: 95% CI [43.61-47.50], (F1,192)=6.577, p=0.011). There was a difference [F(1,192)=7.796, p=0.006] between the respondents who had experienced physical violence (n=121; mean=45.40: 95% CI [43.65-47.16]) and those who had not (n=71; mean=41.48: 95% CI [39.37-43.59]). A positive correlation [0.331(p<0.001)] was found between absenteeism and PTSD, and CBITS was found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of PTSD [t(94)=-6.935, p=0.000]. The findings can be applied by the Kenya Ministry of Health to revamp policies that enhance access to psychological care for adolescents.Item Conceptualizing Professional Journalism Practice: Valence of News Frames and Source Diversity in Kenya(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2021-10) Onyalla, Don BoscoJournalism scholars argue that professional news journalism is in crisis. To establish the extent of such crisis, context- and culture-based research has been recommended. Some scholars have identified news negativity and source bias among the problems of professional news journalism, aspects that combine to show a disregard for public interest. Employing mixed methods research design, this study sought to gain insight into professional news journalism practice in Kenya from three perspectives: news valence, the diversity of news sourcing channels, and the diversity of news actors. Quantitative data was collected through quantitative content analysis of headlines and stories (n = 1,132) from seven major news-making events in a six-year period (2015-2020) across four Kenyan national newspapers. Qualitative data was generated through in-depth interviews with 25 journalists involved in the coverage of the seven events. The findings showed an overall bias toward negative valence and a strong portrayal of conflict-driven journalism; limited sourcing, characterized by an overwhelming dominance of journalists’ analyses; a heavy reliance on official sources; a journalism practice that leans toward news-for-profit rather than news-for-information through low-cost and easy-to-access strategies; and a systemic bias toward the elites, and against ordinary citizens. This evidence-based position regarding news valence and source diversity in Kenyan mainstream newspapers can facilitate precise responses to the concerns about news negativity and source bias. This can serve the interests of Kenya’s professional news journalists, media managers, institutions of journalism, media scholars, and policymakers within the context of the news media industry. Based on this study’s findings, policies in the news media industry can be updated in view of fostering the interests of 21st century audiences.Item Covenant in Relation to Justice and Righteousness in Isaiah 42:1-9(The University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, 2013-03) Muutuki Joseph MwasiThis study focuses on covenant in relation to justice and righteousness in Isaiah 42:1-9. The main purpose of the study is to grapple with the idea of whether the Old Testament scholarly research on covenant is relevant for the theological-ethical understanding of covenant amongst African believing communities in general and in particular the Kamba community of Kenya. The research employs the socio-rhetorical approach, a method used to explore textures in a multi-dimensional way. In applying Robbins‘ (1996a, 1996b) textual analysis to the text of Isaiah 42:1-9, both the intra and intertextures are examined in order to gain the narrator‘s rhetorical strategy. It is possible to demonstrate that the mission of the Servant of the Lord was to establish justice and righteousness on earth. We show these terms are relational and ethical in nature. Justice restores damaged relationships in order for a community to have peace with itself. Righteousness on the other hand governs moral relationships and demands each member of the community acts right. These demands are required in order to regulate a cohesive social and cultural community that takes each other‘s social needs into account. Moreover, we show through intertexture in chapter three that texts reconfigure themselves either explicitly or implicitly. It is shown that three concepts, justice, righteousness and covenant exhibit moral characteristics when used together. Within covenant framework they have to do with taking care of the needs of the oppressed. Furthermore, in chapter four through social and cultural texture we show how the Israelites and Judah later are unable to fulfill their obligations to the poor because of the moral decay, which affected all spheres of their life. The Servant of YHWH is promised to usher in a new era of social justice. Additionally, in chapter five it is shown that the ideological texture highlights God‘s theological viewpoint characterized by the tension between the two covenants. We have attempted to show from Isaiah 42:1-9 that the theological-ethical understanding of covenant accommodates the Akamba covenant.Item A Critical Analysis Of The Strategic And Political Dimensions Of Central National Government Communication In Kenya(Daystar University, School of Communication, 2020-05) Owino, RuthThis study sought to critically analyse the strategic and political dimensions of government communication by focusing on PSCU, OGS, and Ministry of ICT. The objectives were to; Determine the structures and processes of communication, Investigate whether communication is strategically managed; Examine the role of the political system on the operations of communication; and, the extent to which government communication facilitates citizen participation. The study was grounded on excellence and deliberative democracy theories. A single-case (embedded) design was adopted and the target population was the communication professionals working at PSCU, OGS, and Ministry of ICT. Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS, and qualitative data was thematically analysed. The study found out that government communication was transitional, its structures were defined by the existing political power and governance structure. The structures and processes were decentralized, fragmented and tactical. The findings indicated that government communication lacked the overarching strategy, was poorly coordinated and had short-term plans hence contradicting messages. The findings also indicated that there were two cadres of professionals: political appointees and civil servants, however the two cadres were not well managed and coordinated. Further the study found out that the internet provided new possibilities for transparency and citizen engagement, it provided new ways and channels of information dissemination and interaction. Government communication should be professionalised, be based on frameworks and policies that are encultured on the precept of strategic communication.Item Effect Of Church Closure During Covid-19 Pandemic On Children’s Spiritual Nurture In Selected Evangelical Churches In Gichagi, Kajiado North Sub-County, Kenya(School of Applied Human Sciences, Daystar University, 2023-09) Mwanzana, Mercy M.ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of closure of churches during the COVID-19 pandemic on the spiritual nurture of children in selected evangelical churches of Gichagi, Kajiado North Sub-county. The study objectives were to: find out children’s perceptions on the closure of churches during the COVID-19 pandemic, assess the nature of spiritual nurture experiences of children during the COVID-19 pandemic, establish sources of spiritual nurture accessed by children during the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyze ways the closure of churches during COVID-19 affected children’s spiritual nurture. The study adopted Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological and Westerhoff’s faith development theories. The study employed a transcendental phenomenological research design purposively selecting 33 participants to data saturation. Interviews conducted included 18 children recruited through snowballing and three pastors. Six Sunday school teachers and six parents had focused group discussions (FGDs). Findings revealed both negative and positive perceptions towards closure of churches. Spiritual nurture of children experiences during the pandemic included reading the Bible, praying, and listening to televangelists. Mothers were the main source of spiritual nurture of children, in addition to Bibles, televangelists, and pastoral visits. The closure of churches resulted in reduced spiritual nurture activities, reduced spirituality, increased zeal for church activities, reduced number of church attendees, missing the faith community, and increased use of technology for spiritual nurture. The study recommends the church have crisis preparedness plans to ensure the continued spiritual nurture of children during emergencies; the government should implement policies that ensure the continued spiritual nurture of children during emergencies and pandemics.Item The Effectiveness of Art Therapy in Treating Anxiety and Depression among Children Affected By HIV-Related Loss: A Study of Two Children’s Organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, 2020-10) Rukunga, Caroline K.Children affected by HIV-related loss go through considerable levels of physical and psychosocial challenges which may result into psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Art Therapy in treating depression and anxiety in children of ages 8-12, with HIV- related loss in Chosen Children of Promise (CCP) and Amka Health Project (AHP), in Nairobi County, Kenya. A quasi-experimental research design involving experimental and control groups was conducted using 100 participants, 50 from each organization who met the inclusion criteria. Simple random sampling procedure was used to select the required sample size. The research instruments included social demographic questionnaire, Children Depression Inventory (CDI), and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). The reliability and validity of the above instruments is assured as studies have indicated that SCARED has good psychometric properties for children and adolescents of different cultures and CDI has good psychometric properties of a=.71-.94. Art Therapy (AT), specifically Tree of Life (ToL) was used to treat Anxiety and Depression. Study findings revealed a depression prevalence of 58.1% and an anxiety prevalence of 88.6%. The DiD estimates showed a declining trend on depression and anxiety scores of the participants depicting a highly statistically significant reduction in symptoms at endline (p= <0.0001), implying that Art Therapy was effective in treating both disorders. It is recommended that organizations and individuals dealing with children affected by HIV-related loss can offer them culturally and developmentally appropriate evidence-based interventions in order to promote their psychological well-being.Item Effectiveness of Behavioral and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapies on Conduct Disorder among Juvenile Delinquents in Selected Rehabilitation Schools in Kenya(Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, 2016-05) James, NaomiThis study set to establish the effectiveness of behavior and rational emotive behavior therapies (REBT) in treating conduct disorder among juvenile delinquents. The objectives of the study were to establish the prevalence of conduct disorder among juvenile delinquents, determine the exposure of juveniles to distressful situations and determine the effectiveness of behavior and REBT therapies in treating conduct disorder. The study sample was drawn from Kabete and Wamumu rehabilitation schools in Nairobi and Kirinyaga counties respectively. A sample size of 94 respondents was drawn out of a population of 167 using purposive sampling procedure. This study used quasi-experimental design and quantitative data was collected in three time series. The Child Behavior Checklist Youth Self Report for ages 11-18 (2001) questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of conduct disorder. This questionnaire has proven validity and reliability of 0.82. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Studies (2011) and included bivariate, multivariate and multimodal analysis. The study established that the prevalence of conduct disorder was 36.5%, and respondents who presented with other psychological disorders were more likely to have conduct disorder: anxious depressed (OR=0.050, 95% CI: 0.110-0.255; p=<0.0001), internalizing anxiety (OR=0.067, CI: 0.024-0.187; p=<0.0001). Moreover, experiencing distressful events was significantly associated with the occurrence of conduct disorder. The study established a statistically significant reduction of conduct disorder symptoms from a mean of 19.96 at baseline to 8.26 at post-treatment two and this was significant at p<0.001, indicating the effectiveness of behavior and REBT therapies in treating conduct disorder. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that behavior and REBT therapies be integrated in the juveniles’ rehabilitation program.Item Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (coping CAT) in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders among Children at Our Lady of Peace and Amani Primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied and Human Sciences, 2019) Mathenge, Justus MuriithiItem The Effectiveness of Interpersonal Communication on Adherence to The Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of Hiv Cascade a Case of Homa Bay and Kisumu Counties Kenya(Daystar University School of Communication, 2021-10) Kiptinness, Evonne MwangaleInterpersonal communication, and in particular provider-patient communication, is integral to health communication and benefits patient satisfaction, retention, and overall health outcomes. Kenya is one of six HIV/AIDS ‘high burden’ countries in Africa, with about 1.5 million people reported to be living with HIV at the end of 2019 and 6800 new infections among children. A contributing factor to these infections is the mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) during pregnancy, labour, delivery, or breastfeeding. Anchored on the convergence theory and social influence theory, a pre-post survey (N = 161), interviews (N = 2) and focus group discussions (N = 11) were employed to identify differences and determine challenges between mothers who receive support through the mentor mother program and their counterparts who do not have access to such support. The study also established the perceptions of mentor mothers on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme in Homa Bay, Kenya. Study participants were selected using convenient sampling at Homa Bay County Teaching and Referral Hospital and Kandege Health Centre. Qualitative data was analysed using a Welch t-test, while thematic analysis using Dedoose was used for qualitative data. Findings showed that post-natal participants had significantly greater PMTCT knowledge (sig = 0.02) than post-intervention participants who had access to a mentor mother. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of attitudes, PMTCT practices, interpersonal communication, mutual understanding, compliance, identification, and internalization. The study recommends provision of interpersonal communication skills training for mentor mothers to better improve their impact in communities.Item Effectiveness of Interpersonal Therapy on Depression among Adolescents in Selected Public Mixed Day and Boarding Secondary Schools in Makueni County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2022-10) Nzangi, Alice K.The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) on depression among adolescents in selected Public Mixed Day and Boarding Secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. The study was informed by interpersonal theory and choice theory. Multiple time-series design was used. A sample size of 84 adolescents in forms1, 2 and 3, aged 14 to 19years was used, with 42 participants assigned to the experiment group and 42 the control group. The experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of IPT treatment while the control group continued with treatment as usual during the study period. The demographic characteristics of the participants were collected using a socio demographic questionnaire. Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the main tools used. Analysis of variance was done for data collected at baseline, midline and end line. The data revealed a general prevalence of depression at (58.9%). Depression was significantly high among the females and the form three participants (p = 0.000). Severity of depression was significant among the females as compared to the males (p = 0.000). Being day scholars, and whom the participant lived with were found to be risk factors to depression. A positive correlation at 2 tailed was found to exist between depression and PTSD (r = .336**; p = 0.000). The findings of this study showed that IPT was effective in treating depression among adolescents. Based on the findings, IPT was recommended in management of depression and improvement of mental health in adolescents in secondary school.Item Effectiveness of Interpersonal Therapy on Depression among Adolescents in Selected Public Mixed Day and Boarding Secondary Schools in Makueni County, Kenya(Daystar University School of Applied Human Sciences, 2022-10) Nzangi, Alice K.The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) on depression among adolescents in selected Public Mixed Day and Boarding Secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. The study was informed by interpersonal theory and choice theory. Multiple time-series design was used. A sample size of 84 adolescents in forms1, 2 and 3, aged 14 to 19years was used, with 42 participants assigned to the experiment group and 42 the control group. The experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of IPT treatment while the control group continued with treatment as usual during the study period. The demographic characteristics of the participants were collected using a socio demographic questionnaire. Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the main tools used. Analysis of variance was done for data collected at baseline, midline and end line. The data revealed a general prevalence of depression at (58.9%). Depression was significantly high among the females and the form three participants (p = 0.000). Severity of depression was significant among the females as compared to the males (p = 0.000). Being day scholars, and whom the participant lived with were found to be risk factors to depression. A positive correlation at 2 tailed was found to exist between depression and PTSD (r = .336**; p = 0.000). The findings of this study showed that IPT was effective in treating depression among adolescents. Based on the findings, IPT was recommended in management of depression and improvement of mental health in adolescents in secondary school.Item Effectiveness of Multisystemic Therapy on Selected Behavioural Problems among Juvenile Girls Incarcerated In Rehabilitation Schools in Kenya(Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, 2017-05) Mbiriri, Michael K.Behavioural problems have remained a critical problem among girls incarcerated in rehabilitation schools. The strategies that have been put in place by the government of Kenya seem not to be fully effective in treating adolescents in rehabilitation centers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether multisystemic therapy (MST) would be effective in treating behavioural problems of incarcerated adolescent girls in the two out of ten government rehabilitation schools in Kenya. The researcher purposively sampled the only two girls’ government rehabilitation schools at Kirigiti and Dagoretti in Kiambu and Nairobi counties respectively. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design with the two rehabilitation schools being randomly assigned into either treatment or control group. Quantitative method was used to collect the data through the use of questionnaire and Achenbach youth self-report (YSR) (11-18 years). Baseline data was first collected in the two sites. Those found with selected behavioural problems in the experimental sites were treated with MST. In the control site there was no intervention. In the third and six months after intervention, the researcher administered YSR to determine the level of selected behavioural problems in the two sites. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. T-test, Chi square, Anova as well as Ancova tests were carried. The prevalence rates for depression, anxienty disorder and conduct disorder were 66.7%, 70.5% and 55% respectively. In the experimental group the study shows statistically significance difference in mean differences scores at both post-treatment one and two (p<0.001). Therefore this is an indication that MST had an impact on post treatment one and two among juvenile delinquents in experimental as opposed to control groups. The results provide significant insights into effectiveness of MST on selected behavioral problems among juvenile girls incarcerated in rehabilitation schoolsItem Effectiveness of Social Skills Training In Treating Depression among University Students: A Case of Selected Public Universities in Nairobi County, Kenya.(Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, 2020-10) Ndegwa, JacintaDepression is common among university students and despite the methods provided for its intervention, the prevalence of depression among university students remains higher than in the general population. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Social Skills Training (SST) as an intervention for depression among university students in two Kenyan public universities. The study was informed by Lewinsohn’s behavioral theory of depression (Lewinsohn, 1974) and Wendy Treynor's theory of Depression (Treynor, 2009). Quasi-experimental research design was utilized with purposive sampling technique. A sample size of 273 participants for both Social Skills Training (SST) (n=136) and control (n=137) groups. The study data was collected using a social demographic questionnaire and the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). The reliability and validity of the instruments used were noted to be excellent. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. Means of the data from experimental and control groups were compared at baseline, at three months and at six months after intervention. The findings showed that the students who went through the SST intervention were found to have a significant reduction of depression levels compared to those who did not go through the intervention. This indicated that the mean differences between the two groups was significant (P=0.0001). From the findings, the study concluded that SST is an effective intervention for depression among university students. This study then makes a recommendation to the universities’ management to adopt and implement a SST program among the students.Item Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on Depressionand Anxiety Disorders among Caregivers of Kidney Patients on Dialysis in Nairobi County(Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, 2016-05) Waiyaki, Winnie W.This study focused on depression and anxiety among family caregivers (FCGs) of dialysis patients. Studies have shown that this population has an onerous caregiving burden with the patient requiring much care due to the unique demands of kidney failure. This leads to depression and anxiety in the FCGs which requires psychological intervention. Available interventions have constituted mainly of education on renal disease and very little on psychotherapeutic treatments for the FCGs. Therefore, this study tested a model of psychotherapy referred to as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Using a convenience sample in various hospitals in Nairobi, this quasi-experiment determined the severity of depression and anxiety among the FCGs, their social demographics (and those of their patients) and how these characteristics associated with the mental disorders in question. The sample had an experimental (n=49) and a control group (n=47). The participants were assessed using various psychological tools and a researcher-generated socio-demographic questionnaire. Only those who had depression and anxiety were included in the study. Assessments were done at baseline, midline and endline. Only the experimental group received the CBT. Data was analysed using inferential statistics. Chi-square, t-tests and ANOVA were used to compare the distribution of different variables within and between the study groups. Regressions were done to test the strength of associations between the variables. The results revealed that the FCGs had moderate depression and anxiety with an 85% comorbidity rate. Gender, residence with the patients, doing business while caregiving and education level of the patients were positively associated with depression and anxiety. CBT was found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety, from moderate to mild and normal. Hence, CBT was recommended as part of the treatment protocols for ESKD.
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