Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on sand fly populations in their natural habitats in Marigat sub- County, Baringo County, Kenya

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dc.contributor.authorNgure, Peter K.
dc.contributor.authorNgumbi, Phillip M.
dc.contributor.authorKasili, Sichangi
dc.contributor.authorAnjili, Christopher O.
dc.contributor.authorKaranja, Robert M.
dc.contributor.authorKaburi, Josyline
dc.contributor.authorMwangi, Milkah
dc.contributor.authorKinuthia, Geoffrey
dc.contributor.authorKiarie, Martha
dc.contributor.authorNzau, Anastasia
dc.contributor.authorKepha, Stella
dc.contributor.authorManiania, Nguya K.
dc.contributor.authorIrungu, Lucy
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-08T13:12:56Z
dc.date.available2024-05-08T13:12:56Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.description.abstractLeishmaniasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases that pose a threat to people in the endemic regions. In Africa, transmission is through the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sand fly. Disease control with chemotherapy is logistically difficult, toxic and expensive. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) hold great potential as alternative vector control for sandflies as demonstrated by their efficacy in recent laboratory experiments. The impressive results have merited testing of the effect of EPF on sand flies in their natural habitats. The goal of this study was to test the effect of EPF on sand fly populations on a small scale in a leishmania-endemic area in Kenya. Entomopathogenic fungi isolates were cultured on Sabourand dextrose agar (SDA) in Petri dishes and incubated at 22-280C. Conidia were produced on long white rice substrate and harvested by sifting the substrate through a 295 μm mesh size sieve and stored at 4- 2 6 0C before being used in the experiments. Metarhizium anisopliae isolates were selected for use in the field after showing 76.8 and 100% mortality in laboratory bred target insects. 2.0 x 1014 of dry conidia of the fungus were introduced into ten termite mounds through the shafts using a modified foot pump in Rabai, Marigat area of Baringo County, Kenya. The site harbours both Phlebotomus martini and P. duboscqi sandfly vectors. Sand fly densities, mycoses and survival after capture from the mounds were observed from week one post-treatment to week thirteen. Results indicate that the fungi in termite mounds caused three to ten-fold mortalities in the population of sand flies nine weeks after application. Longevity of sand flies collected from treated termite mounds was reduced to less than nine days after collection, whereas 90% of those from control mounds lived well over the nine days. Sand flies collected from the treated termite mounds during week nine had 100% mortality compared to 10.7% of those from the control mounds. Metarhizium anisopliae infection was observed in 42% of the sand fly cadavers collected from the treated termite mounds and 0% in the control group. The high susceptibility of sand flies to M. anisopliae suggests that fungi can be developed as potential vector control alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides or preferentially be applied in integrated control strategies in order to gain maximum impact on adult sand fly populations. Further studies to determine the best methods for delivery and application in the diverse ecological settings of various leishmaniasis vectors are recommended.
dc.description.sponsorshipDaystar University, P.O Box 44400-00100, Nairobi; Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 54840-00100, Nairobi; Kenya Medical Training College, P.O. Box 30195-00100, Nairobi; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi; South Eastern University College, P.O. Box 170-90200 Kitui, Kenya and Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.daystar.ac.ke/handle/123456789/4569
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherCentre for Biotechnology Research & Development,
dc.subjectSand fly control
dc.subjectEntomopathogenic fungi
dc.subjectMetarhizium anisopliae
dc.titleEffects of Metarhizium anisopliae on sand fly populations in their natural habitats in Marigat sub- County, Baringo County, Kenya
dc.typeArticle

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