An Investigation of The Psychosocial Effect of Children's Rapid Reintegration from Charitable Children's Institutions during The Covid-19 Pandemic in Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the quick and unplanned reintegration of children from Charitable Children's Institutions (CCIs) into family-based care. This emergency action skipped important steps like preparation, assessment, and psychosocial support, essential for a smooth, child-centered transition. As a result, vulnerable children faced higher risks of anxiety, depression, and social disruption. This situation revealed a significant gap in understanding the psychosocial impacts of crisis-driven deinstitutionalization within the African context. The main goal of this study was to investigate the psychosocial effects of swiftly reintegrating children from CCIs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was based on Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory, which explains how relational stability affects developmental stages, and Attachment Theory, which highlights the importance of secure caregiving bonds for emotional resilience. The investigation used a descriptive survey design with a mixed-methods approach, focusing on Nairobi County's Kivuli Center and Ndugu Mdogo Rescue Center. The target population included 160 respondents, such as 130 children, 10 caregivers, and 20 family members identified from the CCIs’ Reintegration Report (2020-2021). Data collection utilized standardized structured questionnaires, including the validated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), to acquire quantitative data on emotional and behavioral issues. This was complemented by customized interview guides for caregivers and family members to obtain qualitative insights. Data analysis incorporated descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means) and inferential statistics for quantitative data, whereas qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. Significant findings showed that rapid, unsupported reintegration was linked to higher psychosocial distress. Quantitative analysis found that 65% of the children scored in the 'High' or 'Very High' range on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) subscales for emotional symptoms and hyperactivity, surpassing standard thresholds. Specifically, 72% displayed clinically significant emotional difficulties, and 55% reported notable peer relationship problems after reintegration. The qualitative data supported this, emphasizing key challenges such as difficulty in establishing stable family bonds, ongoing feelings of isolation, and limited access to crucial follow-up support services, which ultimately harm children’s psychosocial health. The study urges the urgent creation of resilient, crisis-proof protocols and thorough post-reintegration support systems to protect children’s mental health during emergencies.