School of Business and Economics

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Stakeholder Engagement Strategies and Project Outcomes of The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024-10) Okeyo, Stephen Otieno
Effective stakeholder engagement strategies are crucial for the successful execution of projects at KNCHR. However, insufficient stakeholder support often leads to project delays, scope creep, and budget overruns, hindering successful project outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of stakeholder engagement strategies on project outcomes at KNCHR enhanced by the moderating role of organizational culture. This study was grounded in Stakeholder Theory, Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory, and the Theory of Constraints (TOC). The study utilized a descriptive research design and census methodology to target 96 staff from KNCHR. The collection of primary data involved the use of closed structured questionnaires. The reliability of the data was verified by calculating the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, which yielded an overall score of 0.886, suggesting a good level of internal consistency. The analysis of the data was carried out using SPSS Version 25, utilizing both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings demonstrated that stakeholder analysis, communication, collaboration, and conflict resolution had a significant impact on project outcomes at KNCHR. Together, these strategies explain 54.8% of the improvement in project outcomes. Moreover, the inclusion of organizational culture as a moderator resulted in an increase in the effect, emphasizing its significance in improving the effectiveness of stakeholder engagement strategies. The study concluded that stakeholder engagement strategies, particularly when supported by a conducive organizational culture, were critical for achieving successful project outcomes. The study recommended that KNCHR should actively improve its stakeholder analysis by thoroughly assessing stakeholder needs and addressing concerns. In addition, collaboration and conflict resolution should be strengthened in order to promote stakeholder participation and foster inclusivity as well as teamwork. Efficient communication strategies and plans should be optimized by implementing strong communication structures throughout the organization.
Strategic Planning and Financial Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya: The Case of Kenya Women Microfinance Bank Plc
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024-10) Kitivi, Peter
In Kenya, microfinance institutions are crucial for advancing financial inclusion and economic growth. However, issues with profitability, operational efficiency, liquidity, and capital adequacy threaten the financial sustainability of microfinance. Despite the wealth of research, empirical evidence assessing whether strategic planning strengthens the financial sustainability of microfinance institutions in Kenya faces contextual, conceptual, and methodological gaps. This study addressed this research gap by examining the effect of strategic planning on the financial sustainability of Kenya Women Microfinance Bank PLC. The study aimed to investigate the impact of strategic planning on the financial sustainability of microfinance institutions in Kenya, focusing on Kenya Women Microfinance Bank PLC. The specific objectives were to assess the extent of strategic planning at Kenya Women Microfinance Bank PLC, determine the financial sustainability status of Kenya Women Microfinance Bank PLC, and establish the effect of strategic planning and financial sustainability of Kenya Women Microfinance Bank PLC. The ResourceBased View Theory, Institutional Theory, and Stakeholder Theory anchored the study. A combination of descriptive and correlational research designs was used, with a target population of 95 senior strategic management officers of Kenya Women Microfinance Bank PLC, where the census was used. A semi-questionnaire was used to collect data. The study used narrative analysis to analyse qualitative data, and quantitative data analysis yielded descriptive statistics, while correlation analysis produced inferential statistics. The outcomes were presented in frequency tables. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSSV25) assisted with the quantitative analysis. The study found significant reliance of microfinance institutions on strategic planning, a critical process that underpinned their capacity to navigate the complexities of their operational environment. Based on the findings, the financial sustainability of Kenyan microfinance institutions (MFIs) was moderate in terms of profitability, operational efficiency, liquidity, and capital adequacy. It was found that the effect of strategic planning was a positive and statistically significant relationship with the financial sustainability of Kenyan microfinance institutions (MFIs. The findings show that introducing government policies also affected the strength of the relationship between strategic planning and financial sustainability. The study concluded that there is considerable dependence of MFI on strategic planning; the financial sustainability of Kenyan MFIs is moderate, strategic planning has a solid positive significant effect on the financial sustainability of Kenyan MFIs, and Government policies intervene in the relationship between strategic planning and financial sustainability. The study recommends that Kenyan MFIs review their strategy implementation strategies, review their financial sustainability approaches, and ensure that strategic planning is aligned with their financial sustainability
Supplier Relationship Management Practices and Project Procurement Performance in Kenya: A Case of Nairobi City County
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2025-10) Mwangi, Tabitha Nyamuya
Supplier Relationship Management practices in Nairobi City County have historically faced significant challenges, contributing to procurement inefficiencies and corruption. This study aimed to explore the effect of SRM practices on procurement performance in Nairobi City County projects. The study's objectives were to: examine the relationship between supplier collaboration and project procurement performance; determine the relationship between contract management and project procurement performance; assess the relationship between risk management and project procurement performance; and determine the moderating effect of procurement ethics on the relationship between SRM practices and project procurement performance in Nairobi City County. The theoretical framework incorporated stakeholder theory, Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) Theory and Resource-Based View (RBV) theory. The study employed a descriptive and correlational research design, targeting 496 individuals in Nairobi City County. A sample size of 149 participants was selected. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that supplier collaboration, contract management, and risk management practices all had positive relationships with project procurement performance. However, there were significant shortcomings in areas such as information sharing, contract amendments, and risk analysis. Procurement ethics was found to positively moderate the relationship between SRM practices and performance. The study concluded that while some SRM practices were effectively implemented, there were substantial areas for improvement, particularly in transparency, risk management, and ethical practices. The study recommends that Nairobi City County enhance joint planning and information sharing with suppliers, implement more transparent contract management procedures, develop robust risk mitigation strategies, and strengthen adherence to ethical procurement principles. Additionally, regular training and review of SRM practices are recommended to ensure their continued relevance and effectiveness.
Monetary Policy Shocks and Exchange Rate Fluctuations in Kenya.
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024) Chacha, Charity Boke
This study investigated the effect of monetary policy shocks on exchange rate fluctuations in Kenya from 2000 to 2023, a period marked by significant economic challenges, including the depreciation of the Kenyan shilling. The primary objectives were to analyse historical changes in monetary policy, assess trends in exchange rates, and analyse the effect of monetary policy shocks on exchange rate fluctuations. Grounded on Interest Rate Parity theory, the research utilized a positivist approach and explanatory research design, with quarterly time series data. Using a Structural Vector Auto-regression (SVAR) model, key findings revealed an upward trend in money supply (M2), reflecting expansionary policies aimed at stimulating growth. In contrast, the Central Bank Rate (CBR) showed significant volatility during inflationary periods driven by global oil prices. CBR shocks initially led to a temporary appreciation of the nominal exchange rate (NER), while M2 shocks caused short-term depreciation, highlighting the complex interplay between these variables. Variance decomposition analysis indicated that contributions from both CBR and M2 to NER fluctuations increased over time. The balance of trade emerged as a pivotal factor influencing exchange rate fluctuations, especially during external shocks like the 2008 financial crisis. The real exchange rate (RER) exhibited less fluctuations due to inflation differentials, reinforcing the need for effective inflation management strategies. These findings highlighted the need for the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) to adopt a targeted monetary policy with clear M2 growth targets and timely CBR adjustments. Stable exchange rates are key for promoting business, trade, and investment, while effective communication is essential for managing market expectation
Effect of Project Management Practices and Performance of Non-governmental Organisation Funded Projects in Kenya: A Case of Amref’s Water Sanitation and Hygiene Project.
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024) Mwangi, Catherine Muthoni
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) like the Africa Medical Research Foundation (AMREF) play a crucial role in addressing critical issues in developing countries, particularly in the areas of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Despite their noble missions and substantial efforts, these organizations often face significant challenges in project management that can hinder the quality of projects, project overruns, and delayed project execution. s project Performance. Key challenges include inadequate project planning, Poor Communication, insufficient stakeholder engagement, and lack of monitoring and Evaluation. Understanding how these factors influence project outcomes is essential for enhancing the effectiveness of NGOs in achieving their goals. The research is underpinned by the following theories: Project Management Competence Theory, Complexity Theory, and Stakeholder Theory. This study applied a descriptive research design. The target population of this study was 109 from the Project teams which comprised of Project Managers, Project Supervisors, and Project assistants of WASH Project. The study adopted Census techniques and collected primary data using a semistructured questionnaire. Based on this sample size, this study pretest 10% of the sample size which was, which makes 11 respondents from World Vision Kenya. SPSS 26.0 will be used for further analysis. The study will analyze descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency, and standard deviation. For inferential statistics, correlation Analysis will be used. The study revealed that there was a relationship between project planning management practices and project performances. The findings indicated that the two had a positive significant relationship (r=0.672, p=0.000. Therefore, the study concludes that project goals and objectives were communicated to all key stakeholders in good time and that AMREF involves the entire management in project planning. Furthermore, the study recommends that AMREF should utilize the project planning tools to counter the shortfall of project communication, budgeting and proper planning.
Digital Marketing Strategies and Business Performance in Petroleum Retailers in Kenya: A Case of Hass Limited
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024-10) Dosso, Wario
The petroleum industry faces significant challenges in maintaining and enhancing business performance, particularly in the realms of market share, sales growth, customer satisfaction, and brand preference. The decline in business performance among petroleum firms can be attributed to various factors, including shifts in consumer behavior and increased competition, which have been exacerbated by the rapid evolution of digital marketing strategies. The use of digital marketing strategies has created prospects for petroleum retailers’ companies to interact with and engage their customers effectively and efficiently. However, petroleum retailers’ firms have not fully exploited the prospects of these strategies to the maximum. Therefore, the purpose of this was to determine the effect of digital marketing strategies on the business performance of petroleum retailers in Kenya: A case of Hass Limited Kenya. This study was guided by three specific objectives: identifying the digital marketing strategies adopted by Hass limited, assessing the level of business performance in Hass limited and establishing how digital marketing strategies influence marketing performance in Hass limited, Kenya. Social Exchange Theory, Innovation Diffusion Theory and RBV View Theory informed the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design with a population of 528 employees of Hass Petroleum Limited. It targeted all 148 staff members in Kenya from the three departments (sales, marketing, and management team). It used Yamane Taro (1967) to sample 108 respondents. Also, the study used a structured questionnaire to collect primary data. It analyzed both descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. The findings established that Hass limited, Kenya had adopted search engine optimization, email marketing strategy, social media strategy and mobile marketing strategy as digital marketing. The findings also revealed that Hass Petroleum Ltd in Kenya used market share, sales increase, customer satisfaction, and brand preference as measures of business performance. Finally, the findings indicated that digital marketing strategies affected the business performance of Hass limited Ltd, Kenya. Specifically, the mobile marketing strategy had a strongly significant relationship with business performance as r=0.770 and p=0.000. Furthermore, the study recommended that the company should be innovative and employ a social media strategist who can be able to navigate to share information with new customers in TikTok and WeChat.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance of Selected SMEs In Burundi
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024) Crépin, Bigirimana Boris
In today’s world of business environment, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are struggling to enhance their financial performance such as increasing sales, growing and gaining profit due to competitiveness with large companies who have gained the market share due to alignment with society through the act of Corporate Social Responsibility. In this SMEs are pressured to incorporate CSR as part of their strategy to win market share. The study aimed to find out the effect of corporate social responsibility on the financial performance of specific small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Burundi. The objectives of this study were: to identify the corporate social responsibility strategies used by selected SMES in Burundi, to assess financial performance metrics of selected SMES in Burundi, to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance of selected SMES in Burundi. Three theories were used as the basis for this study which were the slack resource theory, good management theory and relational theory. The main anchor theory was the relational theory. The target population consisted of the top 149 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) located in Burundi. The study adopted correlation research design and utilized primary data that was gathered through the distribution of self-administered questionnaires. The participants of the survey consisted of business owners or managers of the SMES. A pretest was done on 15 SMEs which are not included in top 149 in ranking. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data collected, including percentages, means, and standard deviations. Correlation and regression analysis were utilized to identify the relationships between variables. The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27. The findings reveal that SMEs used social initiatives, economic initiatives, customers’ protections and employee’s welfare initiatives. The study found that the financial performance had increased due to increase in customers, and there was significant positive relationship between CSR initiatives and financial performance of SMES. The study concluded that SMEs used social initiatives, economic initiatives, customers’ protections and employee’s welfare initiatives this was revealed using correlation and regression equations. The study also concluded that the increase in customer base due to CSR initiatives lead to the SMEs earning positive brand image hence increasing in customer based who later lead to increase in cashflow. Further, the study conclude that corporate social responsibility initiatives affected financial performance of selected SMES in Burundi. The study recommended that SMEs should improve the allocation of cash for CSR initiatives and that SMEs should endeavor to offer good services that will make customers retention.
Recruitment, Selection Process and Employee Performance in The Export Processing Zone: A Case of Hela Intimates EPZ Limited Kenya.
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024) Engesa, Amugune Daphyn
People are essential to organizations because they bring specific skills, values, and personality qualities to the workplace. Recruitment is the process through which an organization finds job candidates with the abilities required to help it achieve its goals and objectives. Selection is a process of assessing and choosing people who meet the qualifications for the position and the company. The recruitment process is crucial in locating and attracting qualified individuals for an organization. The main purpose of the study was to establish the effect of recruitment and selection process on employee performance at Hela Intimates EPZ Limited. The specific objectives of the study were to: establish the process of recruitment and selection on employee performance at Hela Intimates EPZ Limited, examine the measure of employee performance at Hela Intimates EPZ Limited, and assess the effect of recruitment and selection on employee performance at Hela Intimates EPZ Limited. The study was grounded by the resource-based view (RBV) theory, the human capital theory, and the attraction-selection-attrition (ASA). Descriptive research design was used in the study. The target population for this study comprised 216 employees spread across various departments. These departments included 120 employees from production, 20 employees from human resources, 15 employees from finance, 25 employees from sales and marketing, 10 employees from research and development, 16 employees from logistics and supply chain, and 10 employees from information technology. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Data from the questionnaires was analyzed quantitatively using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23. Multiple linear regression model was used to describe the relationship between variables and ANOVA was carried out to gain information about the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study found out that the recruitment and selection process at Hela Intimates EPZ Limited had a significantly positive impact on employee performance. By implementing a structured and strategic recruitment and selection approach, the organization was able to attract and retain employees whose skills and experiences were well-aligned with job requirements, leading to higher productivity. The study recommends that the company should invest in more recruitment and selection technologies that can accurately match candidates to job roles based on skills, experience, and cultural fit as it may improve the accuracy of candidate assessments, shorten the recruitment process, and ultimately attract and choose high-quality candidates who are more aligned with organizational goals and performance expectations.
Succession Planning Strategies and Organizational Performance of Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation- Africa.
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024) Njeru, Agnes
Donors are increasingly speaking of locally led aid response, prompting several International Non-Governmental Organizations to transition to local status. True localization however involves not just registration but also a shift in approach, allowing local players to implement programs, which necessitates proper succession planning by INGOs to ensure their survival. The purpose of this study was to investigate succession planning strategies on the performance of NGOs with a specific focus on Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation (MGIC)- Africa, targeting countries that had transitioned to local entities. Grounded by the Scharmer’s theory U model, this study aimed to analyze succession planning strategies used in Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation to evaluate the Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation 's performance indicators and to establish the effect of succession planning strategies on the performance of Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation transitioning to a local entity. The study employed descriptive and explanatory research design, with a target population of 40 individuals from the senior management teams that included CEOs, Directors, Deputy program directors, Program managers, Managers in the directorate of Finance, HR & administration and Senior technical advisors involved in answering the questions. For the sampling technique, the population was relatively small and accessible therefore a census was undertaken which constituted all the key leadership positions of the four organizations. The study used primary data which was collected through structured questionnaires. The questionnaire was pre-tested with respondents from CIHEB-Kenya program managers to gather feedback for improving question clarity and structure. Correction was made to remove any anomaly in the data collection tools with the application of Cronbach alpha analysis on all questions of the questionnaire, to ensure a consistency of more than .70 before using the tool for data collection in the main study. With an Alpha (α) of 0.75 the succession strategies were found fairly reliable. The data collected was analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using STATA, which included percentages, means, frequencies and tables. Pearson’s product moment correlation examined how Leadership development, Mentorship and Knowledge management systems associate with organizational performance, explored through Stakeholder engagement, Organizational sustainability and Service Delivery effectiveness. Data was then presented using frequency tables, charts, and figures. The findings of the study indicated presence of all the three succession planning practices at Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation and in the local entities, with leadership development demonstrated by a mean of 3.693 and a standard deviation of 0.844, knowledge management at a mean of 3.293 and a standard deviation of 0.976 and mentorship at 3.57 and a standard deviation of 1.138, albeit with room for improvement in accessibility for knowledge management systems and tracking of mentorship for progress. Further, the study concluded that MGIC was sustainable beyond localization, with 78% of the respondents indicating that the outcome of the organization’s programs was even better achieved in the local context than was in the global context. The study concluded that Leadership development, Mentorship and Knowledge management systems significantly and positively contributed to the organization’s performance. The study recommends that MGIC local entities (Centers for International Health, Education and Biosecurity) to continue engaging succession planning practices while considering how best to track mentorship and ensure accessibility of knowledge hubs for all relevant staff.
Voluntary Tax Disclosure Programme and Tax Compliance in The Jua Kali Sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024-10) Njonjo, Stephen Kihereko
Tax non-compliance in Kenya has been an issue of concern that has always derailed efforts to meet revenue targets in the country. Efforts have been made to address this problem, but still the rate of tax non-compliance in the country remains significantly high. The purpose of this research was to examine Voluntary Tax Disclosure Programme and tax compliance in the Jua Kali sector in Nairobi City County. This study specifically aimed to establish the following: the extent of awareness regarding the voluntary tax disclosure Programme in the Jua Kali Sector; the extent of tax compliance in the Jua Kali sector; and the extent to which the voluntary tax disclosure Programme influences tax compliance in the Jua Kali Sector in Nairobi City County. The Theory of Planned Behavior, Economic Deterrence Theory and Capital Needs theory were adopted in this study. The research design employed was descriptive survey. A total of 300 Jua Kali artisans formed the target population. Simple random sampling procedures was used to choose the sample size of 171 artisans from Nairobi City County. Structured questionnaires were used to gather primary data. A total of 10 artisans from Nairobi County participated in the pilot study to determine the validity and dependability of the study instruments. The 10 artisans used in the pilot study were excluded from the final study. Results of the study were presented using figures and tables. It was also determined that the Voluntary Tax Disclosure Program did not have a significant influence on tax compliance in the Jua Kali sector. The model summary outcomes revealed that the Voluntary Tax Disclosure Program contributed approximately 0.7% changes in tax compliance among the taxpayers in the Jua Kali sector in Nairobi City County. The Analysis of Variance test results revealed that the Voluntary Tax Disclosure Program had no significant relationship with tax compliance in the Jua Kali sector in Nairobi City County, (F (1,163) = 1.088, p > .05). There was no statistically significant relationship between tax compliance with VTDP, penalties and tax payment culture. The study concluded that there was low level of tax compliance in the Jua Kali sector. The study finally concluded that the Voluntary Tax Disclosure Program did not have a significant influence on tax compliance in the Jua Kali sector. The study recommends that: the government and the Kenya Revenue Authority revenue should carry out tax compliance assessment and improve public education among the Jua Kali sector across the country to enhance tax compliance; there is a need for the Kenya Revenue Authority to investigate why tax payers are unwilling to file their past unfiled tax returns despite introduction of programmes such as the Voluntary Tax Disclosure Program; and that the Kenya Revenue Authority should come up with alternative ways of enhancing tax compliance in the Jua Kali sector to ensure that they achieve their annual revenue targets. The government should create awareness and provide incentives through the Voluntary Tax Disclosure Programme to encourage the Jua Kali sector to formalize their operations.
Innovation Practices and Performance of Road Projects at The Kenya National Highways Authority
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024-10) Mwara, Stephanie Wangari
The study investigated the relationship between innovation practices and performance of road projects at the Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA). The research had three primary objectives: first, to establish the innovation practices adopted at KeNHA; second, to identify the measures of performance for road projects at KeNHA; and third, to determine the relationship between innovation practices and the performance of these road projects. The study was guided by prominent theoretical frameworks, including the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, the Technology Acceptance Model, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. These frameworks provided a robust basis for analyzing the adoption and impact of innovation within this public sector entity. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed for the study. Data was collected through questionnaires administered to 101 KeNHA employees at the headquarters. Primary data was collected, and pretesting was conducted at the Kenya Urban Roads Authority to ensure the reliability and validity of the instruments. Ethical considerations were carefully observed throughout the research process. The findings revealed that KeNHA has adopted various innovation practices across product, process, and organizational domains. These practices significantly impacted project performance, with process innovation demonstrating the strongest effect (β=0.287, p=0.000), followed by organizational innovation (β=0.248, p=0.003) and product innovation (β=0.204, p=0.012). The study also found that government policies significantly intervene in the relationship between innovation practices and project performance at KeNHA, with all innovation types maintaining positive effects (process: β=0.213, p=0.004; organizational: β=0.231, p=0.004; product: β=0.159, p=0.047) when policies were included. Government policies themselves showed a significant positive effect on project performance (β=0.179, p=0.008), indicating their crucial role in mediating and enhancing the impact of innovation practices on project outcomes. The study concludes that innovation practices play a crucial role in enhancing project performance at KeNHA, and that alignment between organizational innovation strategies and the broader regulatory and policy environment is essential for maximizing the impact of innovation on project outcomes. The study recommends that KeNHA should continue to prioritize and invest in innovation practices across product, process, and organizational domains, with a focus on advanced technologies, continuous improvement of systems and processes, and fostering a culture of innovation. The organization should also actively engage with policymakers and regulatory bodies to advocate for policies that support innovation in the road infrastructure sector. Furthermore, KeNHA should establish a robust framework for monitoring and evaluating the impact of innovation practices on project performance, including the development of innovation-specific key performance indicators and regular data analysis to inform strategy and decision-making.
Strategy Implementation and Organization Performance of Selected Family-Owned Supermarkets in Busia Town
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024-10) Kariuki, Specioza Wangeci
Effective strategic plan implementation is paramount to organizations aiming to thrive in today's competitive business landscape. While extensive research has explored the significance of wellcrafted strategies and their potential to enhance organizational performance, there remains a gap in comprehending the effect of strategy implementation on organization performance of selected family-owned supermarkets. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of strategy implementation on organizational performance of selected family-owned supermarkets in Busia town. The specific objectives of the study were to;- establish the effect of communication on organization performance in selected family-owned supermarkets in Busia town, determine effect of resource allocation on organization performance in selected family-owned supermarkets in Busia town, establish monitoring and evaluation tools on organization performance in selected family-owned supermarkets in Busia town and determine the moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between strategy implementation and organizational performance of family-owned supermarkets in Busia town. The study was anchored on Resource-Based View theory (RBV), Resource Dependence theory (RDT) and Systems theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study targeted 3 supermarkets within Busia Town, that is, Shivling supermarket, Khetias supermarket and Frankmatt supermarket, with a population of 150 employees. The study used a census of the owners, senior management, middle management, line attendants and cashiers. The study used self-administered structured questionnaires to collect data. The study used SPSS version 27 for data analysis and findings presented in figures and tables. The study found that communication significantly positively impacts the performance of selected family-owned supermarkets in Busia Town, with a high mean score of 4.50. Resource allocation was also assessed, revealing a slightly higher mean score of 4.56, indicating its positive influence on performance. Continuous evaluation processes enhanced performance, resulting in a mean score of 4.44. Additionally, the effect of organizational culture on the relationship between strategy implementation and performance was noted, with a mean score of 3.73. The study also found that organizational performance has a robust positive correlation with communication (r = 0.693), continuous evaluation (r = 0.849), and allocation of resources (r = 0.744). The hypotheses test results indicate that communication, resource allocation, and continuous evaluation each significantly affect organizational performance, as all p-values were 0.000, leading to the rejection of the null hypotheses. Overall, the findings highlighted a strong positive impact of communication, resource allocation, and continuous evaluation on performance, while organizational culture moderately influenced the strategy-performance relationship. The study concludes that effective communication, efficient resource allocation, and constant evaluation are critical drivers of organizational performance in family-owned supermarkets in Busia Town. The study recommends that further studies should be carried out to investigate the impact of communication channels, resource allocation practices, and continuous evaluation systems on organizational performance in family-owned supermarkets, while also refining frameworks to support better decision-making.
Covid-19 Movement Control Measures and The Performance of Infrastructure Development Projects in Kenya: A Case of Moja Expressway
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024-10) Tiampati, Siteyia Naomi
The COVID-19 movement control measures severely impacted the performance of infrastructure projects, including the Nairobi Expressway project in Kenya, by causing delays, increased costs, shortages of labor and materials, and halting or suspending key projects, ultimately hindering economic growth. This study sought to understand how COVID-19 movement control measures affected performance of infrastructure projects, particularly the Moja Expressway, and to provide insights that could guide future strategies for mitigating similar disruptions in the sector. The purpose of this research was to establish the effect of COVID-19 movement control measures on the performance of infrastructure projects in Kenya specifically, the Moja Expressway project. The objectives of this study were to: determine the COVID-19 movement control measures implemented during the construction of the Moja Expressway project, assess the performance of the Moja Expressway project during the COVID- 19 pandemic and evaluate the effect of COVID-19 movement control measures on the performance of the Moja Expressway project. The study was guided by the Triple Constraints, Infrastructure-led Development and Institutional Theories. A descriptive research design was adopted in this study through questionnaires and a census was done on 30 employees at Cale Infrastructure Construction Company. A pretest of 6 respondents from H. Young & Company (EA) Limited was also done, with a Cronbach alpha derived. Data cleaning was done, and information was entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v.26) software for processing. Descriptive statistics including frequency, numbers and percentages are used to present the data and the Pearson’s Coefficient Formula is used for correlation analysis. Questionnaires were administered to all 30 employees, with 24 questionnaires brought back. Data was analyzed, with findings revealing that (75%) of respondents, agreed that the COVID-19 movement control measures negatively affected the performance of the Moja Expressway project. This research recommends that construction companies need to be prepared in case of a future pandemic, to reduce negative effects on ongoing projects. Further studies need to be done on other ongoing mega- construction projects during the pandemic and how their performance was affected.
Strategic Management Process and Performance of NG-CDF Funded Projects: A Case of Thika Constituency, Kiambu County, Kenya.
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024) Ng’ang’a, Alice
Thika constituency is among the administrative units that get a disbursement of the National Government Constituencies Development Fund. In Kenya, the fund was introduced in 2003 by an Act of Parliament; for poverty eradication at the grassroots level, to ensure equitable distribution of resources at the constituencies. There has been a huge increase in the number of failed or uncompleted projects in Kenya despite government’s effort to make the CDF funds available for the purposes of development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of strategic management process on the performance of CDF-funded projects in the Thika Town constituency in Kiambu County. The objectives of the study were to establish the effect of environmental analysis, strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation on the performance of Constituency-funded projects in Thika Constituency in Kiambu County. The study employed three theories: balanced scorecard model, resource-based view theory (anchor theory), and dynamic capabilities theory. The study employed explanatory and descriptive research designs to achieve the research objectives. The study population for this study was 19 NG-CDF projects implemented in the last five years (2019-2023. The unit of observation entailed all the people involved in the projects execution such as members of the project management committee in these projects, community representatives, NG-CDF committee, NG-CDF staff and project implementation committee. The target population was therefore 253 respondents involved in the project execution of the 19 CDF projects. A sample size of 127 respondents was drawn from the target population using stratified random sampling. The study relied on primary data which was collected by use of questionnaires. Pre- testing of research instruments was done using validity and reliability tests. Content validity was measured by subjecting the questionnaire to expert judgment and constructs validity was measured by ensuring that the study adopted the constructs used by other researchers in previous studies. On the other hand, reliaility test was tested using Cronbach’s alpha with a threshold of 0.7. All the variables had a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of above 0.7 ranging from 0.793 to 0.940 hence no modification of the items was undertaken. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative data was used in this study. Content analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data, while descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze quantitative data. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software. Descriptive statistics included mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages while inferential statistics included regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation. The results of data analysis was presented in tables. The study findings indicated that the projects were completed on time, within budget and met the set standards or the quality specified in the scope requirements. Regression results indicated that environmental analysis, strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation had a positive and significant effect on performance of projects funded by NG-CDF. The study therefore concluded that strategic management process had a positive and significant relationship with performance of projects funded by NG- CDF in Thika Town Constituency. The study further concluded that there was increased and improved project performance in Thika Constituency due to effective strategic management processes adopted by NG-CDF. The projects were completed on time, within budget and met the set standards or the quality specified in the scope requirements. The study recommends policy makers and strategists working in the National Government Constituency Development Funded Projects in Thika Constituency should embrace strategic management process to aid in their decisions making in regard to project implementation.
Management Involvement Practices and Implementation of Healthcare Projects Among Level 6 Hospitals In Kenya: A Case of The Nairobi Hospital.
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024) Kithinji, Annet N.
The implementation of healthcare facility projects is crucial for improving patient care and operational efficiency. At The Nairobi Hospital, one of Kenya's premier healthcare facilities, the management's involvement plays a pivotal role in shaping project outcomes. Despite the critical importance of these management activities, there is a need to empirically investigate how they directly influence the success of healthcare projects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate management involvement effect on healthcare facility projects in Kenya with a focus on the Nairobi Hospital. The specific objectives were to determine the extent of management involvement in projects at the Nairobi Hospital, evaluate the implementation of projects at the Nairobi Hospital, and to investigate the effect of management involvement on the implementation of projects at Nairobi Hospital. The study was anchored on the Transformational Leadership Theory, Resource-Based View Theory, and Contingency Theory. The study was conducted through a descriptive research design. The target population was the 230 personnel at Nairobi Hospital arrived at through stratified sampling technique. The sample size was 146 respondents arrived at through Yamane Taro formula. Primary data was obtained from the respondents using a structured questionnaire. Content, construct, and face validity was assessed before data analysis. Descriptive statistics was also employed using central tendency metrics summarization like mean as well as disparities like standard deviation. Inferential statistics was used to determine how management involvement practices influence implementation of projects. From the data analysis, the reliability test confirmed the reliability of the data, generating Cronbach’s alpha values above 0.7 which was the minimum threshold for reliability. In the descriptive statistics, respondents largely agreed with the statements indicating strategic direction, resource allocation, stakeholder engagement, monitoring an evaluation, implementation of projects, and organizational culture. This was indicated by high mean scores that ranged between 3.50 and 4.90. For the inferential statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were performed. The correlation analysis showed positive and significant correlations between strategic direction and implementation of projects 0.562. Secondly, the correlation between resource allocation and implementation of projects was significant, at 0.712. indicating a strong linear correlation between resource allocation and project implementation. Moreover, project implementation also exhibited a statistically significant positive correlation with stakeholder engagement with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.917 implying that a strong linear relationship exists between stakeholder engagement and implementation of projects at the Nairobi Hospital. Finally, a strong positive correlation was established between monitoring and evaluation and the implementation of projects at the Nairobi hospital. This was established through a positive Pearson correlation of 0.947 between monitoring and evaluation and implementation of projects. The regression analysis indicat. 93.2% of project implementation is influenced by management involvement. Furthermore, a negative regression coefficient was established between implementation of projects and strategic direction (β = -0.308) while positive relationships were established between implementation and resource allocation (β = 0.211), stakeholder engagement (β = 0.232) and Monitoring and evaluation (β = 0.740) respectively.
Turnaround Strategies and Performance of Kenya Power and Lighting Company
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024) Wahome, Ann Wangu
The energy sector in Kenya is plagued by inefficiencies, leading to higher costs and reduced access to electricity for many consumers. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of turnaround strategies on the performance of KPLC. The study objectives were to find out the turnaround strategies implemented by Kenya Power and Lighting Company, to establish the performance of Kenya Power and Lighting Company, to evaluate the effect of turnaround strategies on the performance of Kenya Power and Lighting Company and to assess the moderating effect of government policies on the relationship between the turnaround strategies and the performance of KPLC. The research was guided by two theories strategic turnaround theory and the stage theory of successful turnaround, and Porter’s Five model. This study was a census of all 60 employees including managers and heads of units working at KPLC Busia branch. An explanatory research design was adopted. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The outcomes were presented in tables and figures. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and presented in prose form. Key findings revealed that KPLC has implemented the following turnaround strategies, which are; technology adoption, cost efficient, asset retrenchment, and strategic repositioning, all aimed at improving performance. Regarding technology adoption, 547% of respondents agreed that KPLC demonstrates a proactive approach to technology adoption, while 47.4% reported that the company conducts pre-testing of products or services before their adoption. 63.2% of the respondents displayed that KPLC developed specific cost-efficient strategies. 45.6% of respondents pointed out that KPLC conducts a thorough analysis of its operational costs while 49.1% highlighted that KPLC leverages technology and automation tools to improve cost efficiency across various business processes. KPLC considers the impact of asset retrenchment on its employees, as highlighted by 35.1% of respondents, while 43.9% of participants noted that asset retrenchment helps KPLC achieve its cost-saving targets. Only 31.1% of respondents indicated that KPLC communicates the reasons for asset retrenchment to relevant stakeholders and 35.1% of participants believed that strategic repositioning is seen as a viable strategy for achieving long-term success at KPLC. 43.9% of the participants highlighted that key stakeholders are consulted in the decision-making process regarding strategic repositioning. The findings demonstrated that technology adoption has had a significant impact on KPLC's market share, with 47.4% of participants citing this as a key driver. 45.6% of respondents highlighted that cost-efficient strategies have contributed to increasing the company’s market share, indicating that streamlining operations and reducing costs have had a positive effect on competitiveness. Lastly, 49.1% of respondents noted that strategic repositioning has also led to an increase in market share. Additionally, government policies were found to significantly influence KPLC’s strategic decision-making. The study concluded that while turnaround strategies positively affect performance, success relies on clear execution plans, stakeholder involvement, and consideration of intervening factors. The study recommends greater involvement of stakeholders in strategy execution and encourages future research to include other companies to validate the link between turnaround strategies and firm performance.
Innovation Strategies and Performance of Pension Funds in Kenya: A Case of County Pension Fund.
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024) Odhiambo, Christine.
The Kenyan pension industry has been undergoing a transformative period, characterized by intense competition and a rapid adoption of emerging technologies. The landscape has become increasingly dynamic as pension funds strive to attract and retain members, provide exceptional service, and offer innovative products. The integration of new technologies, such as mobile banking, blockchain, and online portals, has been a key differentiator for Kenyan pension funds, as they seek to meet the evolving needs and expectations of their members. There is still a scarcity of academic research into how innovation strategies affect the performance of pension funds, and in this case, the County Pension Fund (CPF), a pension scheme administrator in Kenya. The County Pension Fund faces a decline in its value due to underfunding by employers, high operational costs, and low pension uptake. These issues have been exacerbated by shifting economic conditions and increased competition across industries, leading to fluctuations in fund profits. Despite the fund's success in encouraging consumer savings, these challenges posed a significant threat to its long-term viability. This study explores the innovation strategies on the performance of the County Pension Fund (CPF). The purpose of the study was to establish the innovation strategies adopted by the County Pension Fund in Kenya. Additionally, the research objectives included assessing whether these strategies helped improve the performance of the fund and determining the influence of product, process, and organizational innovation on the County Pension Fund. The theories in this study included the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Dynamic Capability Theory, and the Schumpeter Innovation Theory. The study used descriptive-correlational as the research design. A census approach was adopted to select participants from the target population, which comprised 108 CPF employees and 12 NSSF staff bringing to a total of 120. Data collection utilized semi-structured questionnaires, with rigorous pretesting to ensure the validity and reliability of the research instruments. In this research, internal validity and retest reliability were used for accuracy and unbiased data collection. Analysis of the statistical data was done using SPSS 23 software, with pretesting involving 20 questionnaires, representing 10% of the total sample. This study's significance lies in bridging existing knowledge gaps regarding the role of innovation strategies in pension fund performance, thereby advancing theoretical understanding and offering practical insights to CPF and similar entities. Ultimately, the findings aimed at contributing to enhancing performance efficiency and fostering the growth of pension funds. The study findings indicate that innovation strategies significantly enhance the performance of the County Pension Fund (CPF) by improving operational efficiency, member contributions, and fund size. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between the types of innovation strategies and the effectiveness of these strategies, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.440 (p < 0.01). Conclusions drawn from the research suggest that adopting innovative strategies is critical to enhancing pension performance. The study recommends that CPF continue to invest in technological innovations, streamline processes, and develop new products to meet the evolving needs of its members as well as adopt alternative investment strategies to ensure long-term sustainability.
Monitoring and Evaluation Practices and Performance of Health Development Projects in Kenya: A Case of Marsabit County Referral Hospital
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024-10) Shuna, Shukhe
Projects within the health sector frequently encounter significant challenges that hinder their successful execution. These challenges often stem from inadequate monitoring and evaluation practices, difficulties in defining clear performance indicators, and insufficient time dedicated to M&E activities. Such shortcomings could lead to projects being delivered over budget, behind schedule, and with compromised quality, ultimately resulting in poor project performance. Recognizing the importance of effective M&E practices, this study aims to investigate their impact on the performance of health development projects at Marsabit County Referral Hospital in Kenya.Three specific objectives guided the study: Establish the monitoring and evaluation practices adopted by Marsabit County Referral Hospital, assess the level of project performance at Marsabit County Referral Hospital and determine the relationship between monitoring and evaluation practices and project performance at Marsabit County Referral Hospital.The research was anchored on three key theoretical frameworks: Goal Setting Theory, this theory posited that specific and challenging goals could lead to higher performance. In the context of M&E, clear performance indicators could enhance project outcomes. Program Theory, this framework emphasized the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms through which M&E practices influence project performance. And, Stakeholder Theory, which was the main theory highlighting the significance of engaging stakeholders in the M&E process to ensure that their needs and expectations are met, thereby enhancing project performance. The study employed a descriptive research design to collect data from employees at Marsabit County Referral Hospital. The target population consisted of 104 senior management team members, managers, supervisors, and project officers. A pretest was conducted with 10 respondents from Mbagathi Referral Hospital, representing 10% of the census population, to ensure the reliability and validity of the research instruments. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, with descriptive statistics presented through tables, percentages, and frequencies. Inferential statistics, including correlation analysis, were utilized to examine the relationships between the variables under study.The results of the study indicated strong positive relationships between various M&E practices and project performance indicators. Notably, effective project planning emerged as a critical factor for managing costs effectively, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.852. This finding underscores the importance of thorough planning in achieving project objectives and maintaining budgetary constraints. In light of the findings, the study recommended that Marsabit County Referral Hospital incorporate comprehensive risk management measures into their project planning processes. By anticipating and mitigating potential risks, the hospital can enhance its project performance and ensure the successful delivery of health development initiatives. The study concluded that identified challenges could be addressed by implementing effective M&E strategies, and the hospital could improve project outcomes and contribute to the overall enhancement of health services in the region.
Strategic Leadership Practices and Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Law Firms in Nairobi City County.
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024) Gachuru, Catherine Wanjiru
Strategic leadership practices are seen as a critical component of any organization’s success in today's ever-changing and complicated environment. Micro, small and medium law firms (MSME) are becoming increasingly important in terms of employment, wealth creation, and the development of innovation in a country. Unfortunately, MSME law firms have considerable challenges with the practices employed by the leadership, and therefore do not reach their desired full potential. This study sought to provide more information by investigating the influence of strategic leadership practices and performance of MSME law firms in Nairobi City County. The study objectives included to investigate the influence of strategic direction on performance of MSME law firms in Nairobi City County, establishing the influence of talent acquisition and retention on performance of MSME law firms in Nairobi City County, evaluating the influence of leadership innovation capability on performance of MSME law firms in Nairobi City County and to evaluate the influence of legal framework on the performance of micro, small and medium law firms in Nairobi City County. The study used three theories namely: Upper Echelon’s theory, Strategic Leadership theory and Goal setting theory. Pretesting was conducted on 10 respondents from micro, small and medium law firms in Nairobi city county. The study used descriptive statistics to describe quantitative data which was analyzed using inferential statistics and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23 and correlational analysis was employed to ascertain the correlation between strategic leadership practices and performance. A census was done on 400 respondents from 400 micro, small and medium law firms. Further, the study used a structured questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale for data collection and inferential statistics for data analysis. The findings revealed that a significant majority of the respondents, accounting for 84.1% or 244 respondents reported that strategic direction had a positive and significant effect on performance of Micro, small and medium law firms ,92.4% or 268 of the respondents reported that talent acquisition had a positive and significant effect on performance of Micro, small and medium law firms (mean=4.52, std.dev=1.58), 92.1% or 267 respondents reported that leadership innovative capabilities had a positive and significant effect on performance of micro, small and medium law firms (mean=4.47, std,dev=0.90) and 70.3% or 204 respondents reported that legal framework had a positive and significant effect on performance of Micro, small and medium law firms (mean=3.52, std.dev=1.02). The results of the study concluded that strategic leadership practices have a positive and significant influence on performance of Micro, small and medium law firms in Nairobi City County. The recommendation was that more research could investigate how law firms align their leadership strategies with broader market trends to enhance resilience and adaptability.
Green Logistics Practices and Financial Performance of Manufactiring Firms in Kenya: A Case of Unilever Kenya Limited
(Daystar University, School of Business and Economics, 2024-10) Eddy, Safari Ntachompenze
Manufacturing firms’ activities have had a significant impact on the environment as they strive to improve their performance. This has resulted in increased emissions, projected to reach 80% by 2030 if proactive measures are not taken. However, these companies claim to have incorporated green practices into their operations to mitigate the issue. To achieve this, this study sought to examine the influence of green logistics practices on the financial performance of manufacturing firms, specifically at Unilever Kenya Limited. To achieve this, the study was guided by three objectives: Establishing the green logistics practices adopted by Unilever Kenya; assessing the level of financial performance in Unilever Kenya Limited and determining the effect of green logistics practices on the financial performance of Unilever Kenya. The study got support from the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR Model and Financial Distress Theory, which was considered as the anchor theory. Unilever Kenya has 796 employees in Kenya. The study targeted managers and their assistants in various departments. The study adopted a census technique on all the 94 managers and their assistants. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, where it was pretested only on 10% which involved 10 employees from Kapa Oil Refinery Company, Kenya. The validity of the data was assessed through content validity and criterion validity, while the reliability was evaluated using Cronbach alpha coefficients to measure internal consistency of the variables under study. Descriptive analysis was presented in form of Tables, frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. While inferential analysis included Pearson correlation analysis and regression model. Finally, but not least, the ethical considerations were taken into account. The findings of this study revealed that all the green logistics practices under study, green manufacturing, green procurement, green packing and reverse logistics strongly positive and statistically significant influence financial performance. Specifically, Pearson correlation analysis revealed strongly positive and statistically significant relationships between green logistics practices and financial performance, specifically green manufacturing (r=0.960, p=.000) and green procurement (r=0.801, p=.001) were dominating. The study also concluded that green manufacturing, green procurement, green packaging and reverse logistics positively and statistically significantly influence the financial performance (in terms of ROA, sales growth and Net Profit Margins) since all the p values were .000. The P-value for the F test statistic is 1.683, which is greater than 0.5, so indicating substantial evidence of the model's goodness of fit. Therefore, the study rejected the null hypothesis and concluded that green production, green procurement, green packaging, and reverse logistics significantly influence financial performance. The study further recommended that Unilever should establish formal partnerships with environmentally conscious suppliers and initiate training programs for employees to increase awareness of the advantages of green procurement, thus strengthening the overall commitment to sustainability.

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