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Item Evaluation of Gottman Couples Therapy in Reduction of Marital Distress Among Couples: A Study of Selected Churches in Nairobi County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2024-10) Nungari, NancyMarital distress is a prevalent problem with adverse effects among couples in Kenya. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of Gottman Couples Therapy as an intervention in reducing marital distress among couples in selected churches in Nairobi County. The objectives of the study were to establish the level and severity of marital distress; assess the relationship between factors associated with distress and level of marital distress; investigate comorbidities of marital distress and assess the efficacy of Gottman Couples Therapy in reducing marital distress among the selected couples. The study was based on Gottman’s Sound Relationship House (SRH) Theory and Attachment Theory which explains the development of marital distress and provide building blocks for marital satisfaction. A quasi-experimental design was used for the study with a sample size of 74 participants (37 couples). Participants were drawn from churches in Nairobi and the site and participants were purposively selected. Data was collected using the researcher developed Couple Social Demographic and Relationship Questionnaire (CSDRQ), Marital Adjustment Test (MAT), Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential data analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 27 (SPSS) and t-test, ANOVA and regression tests were carried out to assess the association between variables and the efficacy of treatment. The study found that Gottman Couples Therapy was effective in reducing marital distress among participantsItem Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Treating Depression among Patients with Advanced Cancer, in Nairobi Hospice, Kenya.(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2024) Ugwoegbu, Ekenedilichukwu UgochukwuPatients with advanced cancer experience a higher rate of depression compared to those at earlier stages. Despite the interventions employed in reducing depression among such patients, the problem of depression remains a serious concern. This study investigated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in treating depression among patients with advanced cancer in Nairobi Hospice, Kenya. The study was informed by the relational frame theory (RFT) and psychoanalytic theory and used a quasi-experimental design. Purposive sampling was applied, and a sample comprising 60 patients with advanced cancer was selected. The 60 were assigned to two groups: treatment and control groups, each with 30 patients. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), while psychological flexibility was assessed using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II) in the intervention group only. A socio-demographic questionnaire was administered. The intervention consisted of five ACT sessions. The effectiveness of ACT on depression was analyzed using the two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures that account for both the between-participant and the within-participant effects. As per the study findings, there was a statistically significant reduction in depression scores over time among participants who received ACT compared to the control group; ACT significantly increased psychological flexibility within the intervention group; age, type of cancer, and education were found to be statistically significant in relation to depression; the trend of depression was highest among the age group 35-49 years for both groups; and the severity of depression in the experimental group decreased as we moved from baseline to endline for the experimental group while for the control group, the effect was the opposite during the same period. It is recommended that ACT, as a reliable alternative intervention, be used for managing depression in patients with advanced cancer.Item Religious Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Intervention For Depression Among Clergy in Kenya.(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2024-10) Juma, Timothy WetunguDespite the recognized importance of mental health within the clergy community, there is a dearth of tailored interventions that resonate with their religious beliefs and practices. This study, with its distinctive focus on religious cognitive behavioral therapy (RCBT), was designed to fill this gap and the pressing need for effective and culturally sensitive interventions. By investigating the potential of RCBT in alleviating symptoms of depression among clergy members in selected Kenyan Churches, this study makes a significant contribution to the field of mental health interventions for clergy members. The sample consisted of 123 clergies (26-65 years; female = 35; male = 88) primarily affiliated with Love INC., Kenya. Data was collected virtually through a researchergenerated social-demographic questionnaire, Brief COPE, and Beck’s Depression Inventory 2 (BDI-II). Using purposive sampling, 64 clergy met the inclusion criteria for depression symptomatology (BDI-II cut-off =10), of whom 52 completed the research process. A quasi-experimental research design was employed, administering a 10-week RCBT program to an Intervention group (N=26) but not the control group (N=26). Assessments were conducted at baseline, midline (after five weeks), and end-line (3 months post-treatment). Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29, employing descriptive and inferential statistics. The prevalence of depression was 52%(n=64), and logistic regression analysis revealed that being young (OR= 0.554, p = .026) and having lower than graduate-level education (OR = 4.22, p =.005) were risk factors for depression. Most clergy frequently used problemsolving (n=41;78.8%) and emotion-focused coping techniques (n=39;75.5%). Increased use of the planning coping mechanism was significantly related to higher depression scores among males (r = .331, p = .049). The independent samples t-test demonstrated the efficacy of RCBT at the end line (t (48) = -2.49, p =.016; Cohen’s d= -.703; 95% C.I = -1.272 to .128), suggesting that RCBT is a valuable intervention in the treatment of depression among clergy. The researcher recommends the implementation of mental health screening and support programs for clergy members, fostering an open environment to discuss mental health issues without stigma, and providing accessible resources such as counseling services and peer support networks. Tailored interventions based on socio-demographic characteristics, like mentorship programs for younger clergy and continuing education opportunities, are proposed. Training and resources to enhance coping skills and resilience, including mindfulness practices and support mechanisms like retreats and wellness programs, are also advised. Additionally, integrating Religious Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RCBT) into mental health services and expanding research on its effectiveness are recommended to provide culturally and spiritually sensitive interventions for clergy and congregants alike.Item Efficacy of Religious-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Reduction of Ambiva-lent Behaviors Among Christian Youth Attending Selected Churches in Kajiado County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2024-10) Tele, Nancy Cheptoo TuimisingThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy Religious-based Cognitive Be-havioral Therapy on ambivalent behaviors among Christian youth in selected Churches in Kajiado County, Kenya. The participants were youth (14-35 years) attending four selected Deliverance Churches, in Kajiado County Kenya. The research design was both descriptive and quasi experimental. A sample size of 145(males=73,50.3% and females =72, 49.7%) was recruited for the baseline assessments and for the interven-tion phase, there were 55 respondents (34 in the experimental and 21 in the control group). The data collection tools were a researcher-generated socio-demographic questionnaire, Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith- (SRSCORF), Religious Cop-ing questionnaire- (RCOPE), ASSIST- Lite questionnaire and the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory-13 (CSBI-13). Ambivalent behaviors in this study constituted compulsive sexual behaviors (CSB) and substance use. The prevalence of CSB was 26.2% (n=38) while the prevalence of those who were currently using substances was 38.6% (n=56) where 42 (28.9%) were using alcohol and among them 8.3% were at high risk level for alcohol use. The most affected age group in CSB was the 20-24-year-old who were in college/university emanating from both-parent home back-grounds. RCBT was not efficacious in the reduction of number of substances that were being consumed and neither was it efficacious in the reduction of CSB. The Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient showed a positive statistically significant rela-tionship between CSB and negative religious coping (τb=.223, 95% C.I .117-.324, p=.008) showing that increased use of negative coping mechanism was related to in-creased CSB. Overall, the study was informative in that, it revealed ambivalence among Christian youth and the need for targeted psychological and behavioral inter-ventions, alongside the church-based programs.Item The Role of Impulsivity in Mitigating Risk-Taking Behaviors among Emerging Adults in Kenya.(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2024) Karinge, Caroline MwendwaRisk-taking behaviors are prevalent among emerging adults at the university with risk-taking commonly associated with impulsivity. However, understanding of the role of impulsivity on risk-taking behaviors, has relied heavily on data from the Western world. This research thus sought to establish the relationship between impulsivity and risk-taking behaviors of the emerging adults in Kenya. The Maturation-Gap Hypothesis, Sensation Seeking Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior guided this quantitative research design which employed a survey followed by a task-based experiment. A sample of 297 participants was used for the survey and then stratified random sampling was used to select 12 participants for the experiment. Assessment tools included a demographic and risk-taking questionnaire, BIS-11, NODS-CLiP and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS (version 28) and Inquisit Software. Results showed that 61.3% of the students engaged in risk-taking behaviors of interest with 26.9% of them involved in multiple risk-taking behaviors. Male students were more likely to report high-risk sexual behaviors and problem gambling while female students were more likely to report suicidality. There was no significant gender difference in binge drinking or participation in multiple risk-taking behaviors. Risk-taking was not significantly associated with trait impulsivity except for suicidality which was significantly associated with attentional impulsivity. There was a small, positive, non-significant correlation between trait and cognitive impulsivity. These findings underscore a need for gender-specific mitigation programs, targeting multiple risk-taking behaviors, within institutions of higher learning in Kenya. Passive psychoeducation was employed to disseminate data and mitigate risk-taking behaviors encountered.Item Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy in Treating Depression Among Incarcerated Men: A Case of Meru Main Prison, Meru County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2024-10) Muriungi, Muriira DenisDepression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders globally and it is known to cause impairment in cognitive, social, emotional, and occupational functioning. Globally, high rates of depression among prisoners are reported from many countries with international meta-analyses revealing that prisoners in many places experience increased rates of depression compared to the general population. This study sought to determine the efficacy of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy in treating depression among incarcerated men in Meru Prison, Meru County, Kenya. The specific objectives sought to establish the prevalence of depression among incarcerated men in Meru Main Prison, assess the severity of depression, determine the correlation between factors associated with depression and severity of depression, and evaluate the efficacy of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy in treating depression among incarcerated men in Meru Main Prison. The study was underpinned by Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression, Social Cognitive Theory, and Theory of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a sample size of 148. Data was obtained from the social demographic questionnaire and BDI-II. This study found that the REBT approach was significantly effective at end-line post-treatment assessment (p = <.001) with a large effect size from baseline (.104, 95% [CI -.219 - .426]) to midline (- .079, 95% CI [-.401 - .244]), and to endline (-1.304, 95% CI [-1.658 - -.947]). The experimental group's means depression at baseline was 28.797 ± (SD = 8.249), and this slightly reduced to 27.243 ± (SD = 7.701) at mid-line, and further reduced to 18.986 ± (SD = 10.461) at the end-line. Further, the study recommended the adoption of REBT as an intervention for treating depression in prison facilities because it significantly reduced depression symptoms from midline to endline.Item Effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapy in Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder Among HIV Patients: Selected Hospitals in Machakos County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2023) Njiru, Lucy M.This scientific inquiry examined the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy (MCT) in treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) among HIV patients attending selected hospitals in Machakos County, Kenya. The prevalence of MDD, worrying and ruminating behaviors in HIV patients attending selected hospitals were determined. The study also sought to establish the risk factors for depression, and the predictor factors to alcohol use among HIV patients. Further, the relationship between MDD, ruminating and worrying behaviors were examined. This scientific inquiry applied quasiexperimental research design, with both control and experimental groups, and pre-test and post-test at 3 months and 6 months. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 80 females aged between 20 and 50 years. This study employed quantitative data collection methods. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis were computed. Results showed that MDD (35.5%) worrying (34.8%), and ruminating (37.1%) behaviors were highly prevalent among HIV patients attending selected hospitals. Also, results indicated that strong family support, age, financial constraint, marital status, attending religious service, unemployment, and health status were risks factors of MDD (p’s˂0.05). Being single (0.049), divorced (0.016), attending religious service (0.020), poor health status (0.038), and not being in the workforce (0.018) were predictors for alcohol use in the study population. This study found strong evidence of MCT effectiveness in reduction of MDD symptoms (p=0.0001). Based on these findings, it was suggested that part of comprehensive care package of HIV interventions in clinical settings in Kenya should include screening for depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and subsequent psychotherapyItem Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Coping-Skills Therapy on Alcohol and Cannabis Users Among Daystar University Undergraduate Students, Machakos County(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2016-05) Ndegwa, StephenThe rise of drug use and abuse among university students in Kenya and the resultant adverse effects have led to a simultaneous increase in the number of students in need of professional help. This study set out to evaluate the cognitive-behavioral coping skills therapy (CBST) as a treatment intervention. The study hoped to bridge the existent knowledge gap on effective treatment models for drug use among university students in Kenya. The objectives were determining alcohol and cannabis use risk levels; examining factors associated with alcohol and cannabis use and abuse; evaluating the efficacy of CBST among students using drugs; and evaluating academic achievements of undergraduate students using drugs. A quasi-experimental design was employed on a sample of 78 respondents from Daystar University, Athi River campus in Machakos County. Respondent-driven sampling was used to select the respondents. The respondents were assessed using various psychological tools and only those who met the ASSIST criteria of moderate and high risk in their alcohol and cannabis use were included in the study. CBST was applied on the respondents and two post assessments were done after the intervention. The data was analysed using inferential statistics that included t-tests, ANOVA, chi square, linear and logistic regressions. The results revealed that most of the respondents had moderate risk for alcohol and cannabis use problems. In addition, gender, age, year of study, and accessibility to drugs were all factors that were found to influence students‘ drug use. Similarly, cigarettes, khat, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and academic performance were found to have an association with respondents drug use. Treating university students who used drugs using CBST resulted in observable change in behavior, which indicated that CBST was effective.Item Efficacy of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Pharmacotherapy For Parasuicidal Adolescents With Mood Disorders at Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Cappa, Lagos-Nigeria(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2018-06) Ojuade, Samuel O.The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and dialectical behavior therapy in the treatment of parasuicidal adolescents with mood disorders with an intention to reduce suicide behaviors among the participants. The two theories that guided the study were Lineman’s (1993) biosocial theory and Durkheim’s (1979) theory of social integration and social regulation. Quasi-experimental research design was utilized with purposive sampling technique. A sample size of 115 for both pharmacotherapy (n=38), DBT (n=34) and combination of pharmacotherapy and DBT (n= 43) was selected at 80% power and 30% effective size. The participants were assessed using standardized psychological tools and researcher-generated socio-economic demographic questionnaire. These included Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ). The reliability and validity of the instruments used were noted to be excellent. Only adolescents who had suicidal behaviors and coexisting mental health conditions were included in the study. Assessments were done at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Participants in Group A were treated with pharmacotherapy, Group B were treated with both pharmacotherapy and DBT, while Group C were treated with DBT. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Chi-square, t-tests, ANOVA, nonparametric and difference in difference were used to compare the distribution of different variables. The results revealed that suicide behaviors were predominantly severe among female university students, Pentecostals, participants whose mothers were jobless, and those whose parents lived apart. Depressive illness and family’s economic status were also found to be confounders to adolescents’ suicide behaviors. Pharmacotherapy, DBT and combinations of pharmacotherapy and DBT were found to be equally effective with no significant difference. The approach to this study was hospital-based intervention research, therefore, it was recommended that further research could be done in different settings targeting the same age group. Longitudinal studies were also recommended to establish the relapse rate among participants treated with different interventions. In addition, qualitative research was also recommended to study intensively why this phenomenon is rampant and how to prevent it from flourishing.Item Effectiveness of Brief Strategic Family Therapy (Bsft) on Juvenile Delinquents with Conduct and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders: A Case of Shikusa Borstal Institution in Kakamega County(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2017-11) Otieno, Rose A.Adolescent delinquency is a major health concern. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT) in treating juvenile delinquents by reducing the symptoms of Conduct Disorder (CD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). BSFT is one of the many family therapies targeting the youth and their parents as a system throughout the treatment. The study was conducted at Shikusa Borstal Institution, Kakamega County, which was chosen from the three Borstal institutions in the country. The study employed quasi-experimental study design with pre and post-test evaluations. Purposive sampling was used to select 67 participants who were screened and scored positively both in CD and ADHD. Data was collected using socio-demographic and standardized tools. The standardized tools included Family Assessment Measure (FAM 111) to assess family functioning and Youth Self-Report (YSR) for ages 11-18 to assess CD and ADHD. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21, while the qualitative data was analyzed by grouping the results into themes. The results showed a proportionate morbidity rate of 61.2% of the 67 sampled respondents having ADHD, 59.7% had CD while 22.4% had a comorbidity of CD and ADHD. The results indicated that from the juveniles’ perspective, 7% came from mild dysfunctional families, 80.6% were from moderate dysfunctional families, and 13.4% came from severe dysfunctional families. From the parents’ perspective, 11.6% of the juveniles came from mild dysfunctional families, 78.8% from moderate ones, while 9.6% were from severe dysfunctional ones. Results also indicated that BSFT was effective in reducing symptoms of CD and ADHD among the juveniles, with effect size statistically significant at α=0.05, and a statistical significant difference of P<0.0001.Item Effectiveness of A Psycho-Education Model on The Quality of Life of Women with Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Resource Poor Settings in Laikipia County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2016-05) Mwangi, Gladys KaburaThe objective of this study was to determine if the psycho-education model adopted for this study was effective in treating anxiety and depressive symptoms among women in resource poor settings (RPS), with an intention of improving their Quality of Life (QoL). Two theories that guided this study were Morse’s (2004) theory of psycho-education which is premised on imparting cognitive and social skills to improve the respondents’ self-esteem and Carl Roger’s theory of the concept of self (1961), towards selfactualization.. The quasi-experimental research design was used for this study. The target population for this study was 686 female members of Conservation Enterprise Groups (CEG) in Laikipia. However, the sampling frame constituted of 484 members of female CEG members in Laikipia North. A sample size of 200 for both the experimental (EG) and control group (CG) was selected at 80% power and 30% effective size. Standardised tools were used to collect data on anxiety, depression and Quality of Life (QoL). These included Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI)-for anxiety and the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI)-for depression and the EUROHIS 8-item- QoL index (for QoL). The study implemented an eclectic model of psycho-education to treat anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 21.0. This study established the prevalence of depression as 26.7% and that of anxiety as 79.4% among women living in resource poor settings. It also showed that if these symptoms were not treated, they degenerated into severe symptoms, as evidenced in the CG, where the psycho-education treatment was not provided. T-tests and Chi-square tests conducted at the end of the studies showed that the psycho-education treatment resulted in statistically significant improvements in anxiety (P<0.005), depression (P<0.005) and QoL scores (P<0.005). There is however need for further research to establish other socio-cultural and environmental factors that contribute to high levels of anxiety and depression and leading to poor QoL among women in resource poor settings in Laikipia.Item Efficacy of Cognitive Restructuring and Behavioral Modification in Treating Conduct Disorder among Sub County Secondary School Students in Nairobi County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2016-03) Gitonga, Monica KathambiThe purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of Cognitive Restructuring and Behavioral Modification (CRBM) as a treatment for Conduct Disorder (CD) among adolescents, determine the prevalence of CD and analyze relationship between CD and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design and used purposive and stratified random sampling. A sample of 611 respondents for the prevalence and 192 for quasi-experiment study drawn from the two sites in Nairobi County were selected from a total population of 840. Two theories that guided the study were cognitive theory and behavioral theory. The variables of the study included CRBM as the independent variable and CD symptoms outcomes as the dependent. CRBM focused on thought distortions affecting behavioral functioning and behavior activation. The intervention and assessments were done in three blocks at an interval of three months. The first two blocks consisted of six hours each while the third was one hour. Data was collected using a researcher developed self-administered Social Demographic Questionnaire and a standardized Conduct Disorder Scale. Academic performance was measured using ordinary end of terms one, two and term three examination results. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and presented in tables, figures and descriptive statistics. The key findings of the study were that CD prevalence was 31.4%, males had higher prevalence compared to females p=0.009, CD increased with respondents age (p=0.008), religion significantly impacted on CD prevalence (p=0.041), no association between CD and academic performance (p=0.130) and CRBM was effective with a high statistical significance (p<0.0001). Based on the findings, the study recommended policy action and regular application of CRBM in secondary schools to help curb the emergence and course of CD among the students.Item Effectiveness of Life Skills Enhancement Training on Substance Use Reduction and Implications on Academic Performance: A Study among Students from Selected Secondary Schools in Kieni, Nyeri.(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2016-05) Waithima, CharityThe use of psychoactive substances has remained a critical problem among adolescents in Kenya. The strategies that have been put in place by the government and other stakeholders seem not to have been effective in empowering adolescents to say “no” to substance use. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of life skills enhancement training on substance use reduction and its implications on academic performance among secondary school students in Kieni, Nyeri. The study was a quasiexperimental quantitative study. Life skills’ training was employed for six months. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select participants (n=1038) at baseline who were grouped into the experimental (n=468) and control (n=570) groups. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics while the Global School-based Student Health Survey tool was used to get data on substance use. Binary logistic regression in analysis examined the association between individual, environmental, parental factors and adolescent substance use and academic performance. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) brought out the estimated strength of association. Efficacy of the intervention was assessed after six months. Substance use and academic performance within and between groups at endline with reference to baseline were compared using Pearson’s chi-square and t tests. The overall current prevalence of substance use at baseline was 48.7%. The study found that the main predictors of substance use were gender, poor academic performance, sexual abuse, seeing significant others use substances, no knowledge on substance use dangers and easy access to khat. Academic performance was found to be both a precursor and a consequence of substance use among the participants. In addition, there was a significant difference in reduction of substance use in the experimental group after intervention. It emerged that a student enrolled in this group was 3.86 times more likely to stop using psychoactive substances than a student in the control group. The intervention administered was also found to cushion students against poor academic performance. Life skills when enhanced were therefore found to be effective in empowering adolescents to develop safe and healthy behavior with regard to substance use. It is therefore recommended that education stakeholders in Kenya adapt the life skills curriculum towards substance use reduction. Since the life skills enhancement training model was successful in Kieni, there is need to expand it countrywide and within the East Africa region.Item Effectiveness of Multimodal Anxiety and Social Skills Intervention in the Treatment of Anxiety and Social Skills Deficits in Children with Autism Sprectrum Disorder(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2017-06) Ireri, Niceta WanjaAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that impairs a child`s abilities for social interaction, language development and communication. As these children reach puberty they also develop high levels of anxiety, and their social deficits became more vivid to the public. ASD in Kenya has received very little attention from researchers when compared to other disabilities. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Multimodal Anxiety and Social Skills Intervention (MASSI) in reducing social skills deficit and anxiety in children with ASD in two schools in Nairobi County. Parents and teachers of 40 (20 from the experimental school and 20 from a control school) children and adolescents aged between 5-21 years old were used to assess and evaluate these children. They completed questionnaires that assessed the children’s ASD symptoms (ABC), social skills deficits (SRS-2) and anxiety (CASI). The study used the quasi-experimental design. Intervention was done immediately after the baseline data was collected and followed up for six months. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 and utilized univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical tests. Results show a significant improvement in the general behaviour of autism p-value 0.000 (95% C.I 5.78, 14.42). There was also a significant decline in social skills deficits p=0.006 (95% C.I 4.97, 27.8). However, anxiety treatment was not significant though the p-value = 0.002, the data did not present evidence that MASSI was effective in the treatment of anxiety as the 95% C.I (0.79, 3.16) includes a zero. Based on these findings, remission of anxiety and social skills deficits is an achievable by MASSI in children and adolescents with ASD in schools.Item Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy In Treatment of Posttraumatic Stres Disorder Among Adolscent Victims of Domestic Violence from Selected Schools in Kajiado County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2023-10) Odero, AgnesThis study assessed the efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in treating post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents exposed to domestic violence in Kajiado County, Kenya. Respondents were 111 adolescents (age 13-18 years) from two selected mixed sex public secondary schools. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) assessed for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and a self- administered socio demographic questionnaire (SDQ) assessed for domestic violence incidences. A quasi-experimental design (control; experimental) was used with assessments done at baseline, midline (after 6 weeks) and endline (after 12 weeks). TF-CBT intervention, was offered for 10 weeks to those with PTSD symptoms who had undergone domestic violence but no intervention was offered to the control group. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29 was used for data analysis. Those who had experienced domestic violence were (n=93; 90.3%) (experimental=43, control =50) and the prevalence of PTSD was 57(61.3%), M=81.46,S.D=24.20. The sociodemographic predictors of PTSD were the “Number of Friends at school” (Experimental: p=0.018) where an increase in the number of friends led to a decrease in the PTSD prevalence. TF-CBT alleviated PTSD symptoms where the paired samples test showed a statistically significant decline in symptoms (p=.033) in the experimental group from baseline to endline which was not the case in the control group (p=.986). The findings thus pointed to high rates of domestic violence among the students and also high prevalence of PTSD among students experiencing domestic violence. Hence, there is need for assessments in schools and a consideration to instituting TF-CBT interventions within the school curriculums to help students who may be having PTSD resulting from various forms of domestic violenceItem Covenant in Relation to Justice and Righteousness in Isaiah 42:1-9(The University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, 2013-03) Muutuki, Joseph MwasiThis study focuses on covenant in relation to justice and righteousness in Isaiah 42:1-9. The main purpose of the study is to grapple with the idea of whether the Old Testament scholarly research on covenant is relevant for the theological-ethical understanding of covenant amongst African believing communities in general and in particular the Kamba community of Kenya. The research employs the socio-rhetorical approach, a method used to explore textures in a multi-dimensional way. In applying Robbins‘ (1996a, 1996b) textual analysis to the text of Isaiah 42:1-9, both the intra and intertextures are examined in order to gain the narrator‘s rhetorical strategy. It is possible to demonstrate that the mission of the Servant of the Lord was to establish justice and righteousness on earth. We show these terms are relational and ethical in nature. Justice restores damaged relationships in order for a community to have peace with itself. Righteousness on the other hand governs moral relationships and demands each member of the community acts right. These demands are required in order to regulate a cohesive social and cultural community that takes each other‘s social needs into account. Moreover, we show through intertexture in chapter three that texts reconfigure themselves either explicitly or implicitly. It is shown that three concepts, justice, righteousness and covenant exhibit moral characteristics when used together. Within covenant framework they have to do with taking care of the needs of the oppressed. Furthermore, in chapter four through social and cultural texture we show how the Israelites and Judah later are unable to fulfill their obligations to the poor because of the moral decay, which affected all spheres of their life. The Servant of YHWH is promised to usher in a new era of social justice. Additionally, in chapter five it is shown that the ideological texture highlights God‘s theological viewpoint characterized by the tension between the two covenants. We have attempted to show from Isaiah 42:1-9 that the theological-ethical understanding of covenant accommodates the Akamba covenant.Item A Comparative Study On The Effectiveness Of Mindfulness Cognitive Behaviour Therapy And 12-Step Model On Relapse Prevention Among Persons With Substance Use Disorder In Selected Rehabilitation Centers In Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2022-09) Anundo, Jacqueline A.The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness cognitive behaviour therapy (MCBT) with treatment as usual also known as 12-steps program (TAU) on relapse prevention among SUD patients in rehabilitation centers in Kenya. The objectives were to determine levels of hazardous and risky use of substances and relapse risk factors among participants in the rehabs, to establish the risk factors associated with relapse, to compare the participants’ pre-discharge behavioural response to MCBT and TAU during treatment sessions, and the post-discharge relapse prevention capability of MCBT vs TAU among the participants. Quasi-experimental design was adopted targeting 96 accredited rehabilitation centers in the Country and focusing on participants aged between 18 and 40 years. The study used purposive sampling to select 6 rehabilitation centers in Kajiado and Nairobi counties with a total of 120 patients. The centers were grouped into 3 experimental groups (MCBT) and 3 control groups (TAU). Data was collected through questionnaires and assessment tools consisting of Advance Warning of Relapse (AWARE) Questionnaire, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Socio-Demographic Questionnaire and the Observation Schedule. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables. The study established that alcohol and tobacco were the most used substances while age and religion significantly determined alcohol use disorder trends and relapse risks. Relapse predisposition was significant among alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco users. MCBT had better relapse prevention outcomes compared to TAU despite both registering significant SUD treatment outcomes. The study recommends that; rehabilitation programs be tailored along different faiths to be more accommodative. Affordable professionally managed community counselling centers also need to be established across the Country for persons with SUD. For further studies, TAU counsellors need to blend their programs with MCBT strategies.Item Efficacy of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among Adolescents Residing At Neema and Tumaini Children Homes in Nyandarua County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2019-06) Kuria, Jane MihiukoItem Efficacy of Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Treating Oosttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression a Case of Two Selected Private Universities in Goma, The Democratic Republic of Congo(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2022-10) Muderhwa, Ushindi JosueThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TFCBT) intervention in treating PTSD and depression among the students of Free University of Great Lake Countries and La Sapientia University in Goma, The Democratic Republic of Congo. A combination of purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling techniques was used in this study. The study used a sample size of 147 male and female university students (18-25 years) and adopted a quasi-experimental research design. The instruments of data collection used were the socio-demographic questionnaire, PTSD Scale for DSM-5(PCL-5), BDI-II for depression and LEC Self-Report instrument. The experimental group was exposed to TF-CBT intervention for twelve weeks and data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 22. The study established that the prevalence of PTSD and depression among the participants was at 25.8% and 34.5% respectively, while the most common types of traumatic events were very stressful events or experiences (63.5%). Sexual assault (p=0.000) was the most correlated with PTSD and depression. TF-CBT intervention had a significant effect on the treatment of PTSD (MD = ± 12.213; p=0.000) and depression (MD = ± 7.526; p=0.000). The findings showed that TF-CBT was effective in the treatment of trauma related PTSD and depression among the university students in DRC. TF-CBT is therefore recommended for use in the treatment of PTSD and depression.Item Narrative Exposure Therapy In Increasing Posttraumatic Growth And Reducing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Adolescents In Selected Secondary Schools In Machakos County, Kenya(Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2021-05) Mukangi, Assumptor
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