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Item Assessment of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Treatment of PTSD among LGBTQ Individuals in Selected Support Groups in Kenya(Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives, 2025) Munene, Alice; Mbeneka, Carolyne; Waithima, Abraham K.The present study highlights the efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in Treating PTSD among LGBTQ Individuals in Selected Support Groups in Kenya. There is prospective evidence that virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), a digitally aided psychotherapy, can effectively lessen the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the meantime, empirical research has shown that PTSD prevalence estimates for LGBTQ+ people reach up to 48%, significantly higher than those for the general population, suggesting that they are more likely to experience the disorder. The study adopted a quasi experimental design as an empirical interventional study to estimate and establish a cause-and-effect relationship between an independent and dependent variable without random assignment. This study is intervention research using a quasi-experimental research design to collect data from 60 LGBTQ+ individuals in selected support groups in Kenya. The samples of 60 LGBTQ+ individuals were screened positive for PTSD symptoms, using the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL-5). The recruited participants were assigned to two research groups namely, experimental (N = 30), and control (N = 30) groups. Participants in the experimental group were treated with VRET, whereas participants in the control group did not go through VRET protocols. Participants were assessed at baseline, midline and a 3-month follow-up assessment at end line. The results from the independent sample t-test showed that VRET was effective in the treatment of PTSD (p = 0.042). The partial Eta Square effect size of (η2= 0.080; p = 0.042) at the end line is an indication that VRET has a medium effect size. VRET is effective to treat PTSD among LGBTQ+ individuals. For clinical psychologists working among this population who might be presenting with PTSD symptoms, VRET is a potential and effective intervention that could be used to help this population.Item Counseling and Psychotherapy in Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, & Uganda). Professionalism and Contextualization.(Routledge, 2012) Mwiti, Gladys K.; James, NaomiMany factors in the world today, such as globalization and a rise in immigration, are increasing the need for mental health practitioners to acquire the ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures. This text will be the most comprehensive volume to address this need to date, exploring the history, philosophy, processes, and trends in counseling and psychotherapy in countries from all regions of the globe. Organized by continent and country, each chapter is written by esteemed scholars drawing on intimate knowledge of their homelands. They explore such topics as their countries’ demographics, counselor education programs, current counseling theories and trends, and significant traditional and indigenous treatment and healing methods. This consistent structure facilitates quick and easy comparisons and contrasts across cultures, offering an enhanced understanding of diversity and multicultural competencies. Overall, this text is an invaluable resource for practitioners, researchers, students, and faculty, showing them how to look beyond their own borders and cultures to enhance their counseling practices.Item The African Development Crisis(Indiana University Press, 1995) Stryker, Richard; Ndegwa, StephenItem Effects of Divorce and Separation on Children(Daystar University, 2015) Waithima, Abraham K.; Waithima, CharityIt also comes out clearly that many couples do not reflect on the effect which their decision to divorce or separate could have on their children. In Chapter Four on the “Effects of Divorce and Separation on Children”, Dr. Abraham Waithima and Charity Waithima provide ample evidence that indicates that children are at the receiving end of marital conflict, and can manifest guilt feeling, poor performance in school, rebellion and negative attitude to marriage, among others. The chapter is a caution to those contemplating leaving each other to give serious consideration to their children.