Doctor of Philosophy Dissertations

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Browsing Doctor of Philosophy Dissertations by Subject "Anxiety"

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    Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Self-Help (MBCT-SH) As an Intervention for Anxiety and Depression for Older Clergy: A Study of Clergy from Selected Christian Denominations in Nairobi County, Kenya
    (Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2020-10) Omungo, Ruth Mumo
    Anxiety and depression are common problems facing older people. They become intensified among older clergy, whose mental problems are framed not just by their age, but also by their vocational experiences. This study assessed the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as an intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms for older clergy, and focused on selected mainline Christian denominations in Nairobi, Kenya. The study used a convenient sample of n=132 participants aged 60 years and above. A quasi-experimental research design was used, with an experimental group being exposed to MBCT-SH therapy for twelve weeks and followed up for eight weeks. Data was collected via a socio-demographic questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Index (BDI). At the baseline about 90% of participants had either mild or moderate anxiety. For the control group, anxiety estimates grew by 9%, while for the treatment group they fell by 42%, hence the intervention was effective in this regard. For depression, about 52% of participants had mild or moderate depression. A significant effect was observed in relation to the interaction of the intervention and time whereby for the control group, depression estimates grew by 80% between the baseline and midline, while for the treatment group, they reduced by 40%, hence the intervention had a significant effect on depression levels. The participants found the MBCT convenient to use, informative on the contextualised causes, triggers, and manifestations of both anxiety and depression, and effective in reducing their symptoms. They however expressed reservations about the philosophical basis of MBCT, which they felt lacked biblical backing up. The findings give incipient evidence for the effectiveness of MBCT in reducing both the levels of anxiety and depression among older clergy and can help practitioners to develop integrative strategies to prevent and treat anxiety and depression.
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    Efficacy of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Selected Sub-County Hospitals in Murang’a County, Kenya
    (Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2022-10) Karanja, Rahab
    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease that calls for long term management. People who have T2DM are reported to experience depression and anxiety symptoms compared to those who do not have. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in people diagnosed with T2DM in selected Sub-County Hospitals in Murang’a County. This study was based on Rational Emotive Behavioural Theory and Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study used quasi-experimental research design utilizing quantitative methods of data collection. The participants of the study were type 2 diabetic patients aged between 30-70 years. To sample the T2DM participants, purposive sampling method was applied. The study screened 161 patients with T2DM. The data collection instruments included socio-demographic questionnaire, Becks Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to screen for depression symptoms and Becks Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for anxiety. Out of a sample of 161 patients with T2DM, 121 exhibited mild and moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study established a high prevalence of depression and anxiety at 85.1% and 95.7% respectively. Moreover, the study found that the mean scores for depression and anxiety symptoms decreased from baseline to endline in the experimental group indicating that REBT intervention was effective in reducing the symptoms. Regular screening for depression and anxiety among patients with T2DM needs to be done and an integration of medication and REBT be provided accordingly in the Kenyan context.
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    Efficacy of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Selected Sub-County Hospitals in Murang’a County, Kenya
    (Daystar University School of Applied Human Sciences, 2022-10) Karanja, Rahab
    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease that calls for long term management. People who have T2DM are reported to experience depression and anxiety symptoms compared to those who do not have. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in people diagnosed with T2DM in selected Sub-County Hospitals in Murang’a County. This study was based on Rational Emotive Behavioural Theory and Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study used quasi-experimental research design utilizing quantitative methods of data collection. The participants of the study were type 2 diabetic patients aged between 30-70 years. To sample the T2DM participants, purposive sampling method was applied. The study screened 161 patients with T2DM. The data collection instruments included socio-demographic questionnaire, Becks Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to screen for depression symptoms and Becks Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for anxiety. Out of a sample of 161 patients with T2DM, 121 exhibited mild and moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study established a high prevalence of depression and anxiety at 85.1% and 95.7% respectively. Moreover, the study found that the mean scores for depression and anxiety symptoms decreased from baseline to endline in the experimental group indicating that REBT intervention was effective in reducing the symptoms. Regular screening for depression and anxiety among patients with T2DM needs to be done and an integration of medication and REBT be provided accordingly in the Kenyan context.
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    Efficacy of Solution Focused Therapyamong Women With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression and Anxiety Due To Intimate Partner Violence in Selected Informal Settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya
    (Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, 2023-07-01) Njuki, Makena F.
    The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of Solution-Focused Therapy when employed as a therapeutic intervention in the alleviation of symptoms associated with Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD), Anxiety and Depression among women who had experienced IPV in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to; assess the prevalence of different forms of IPV, evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and IPV prevalence, examine predictors influencing the prevalence of IPV, establish the severity of PTSD, Depression and Anxiety and to establish the efficacy of Solution Focused Therapy among women with PTSD, Depression and Anxiety due to IPV in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study used Concurrent Triangulation Research Design. Participants were women above the age of eighteen years. They were screened for PTSD, Anxiety and Depression using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST). The therapeutic intervention took place on a weekly basis for a period of 10 weeks. After this, there was a midline assessment. Following the midline assessment there was no intervention for a period of three months, thereafter the end line assessment was carried out. The quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27, whereas the qualitative data was analyzed using In vivo coding. The study established that Solution Focused Therapy was an effective intervention in alleviating the symptoms of PTSD, Depression and Anxiety in women who had experienced IPV in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. The final results demonstrated a notable reduction in the means of all the disorders in the experimental group from baseline to midline to endline [Depression (34.26;16.54;15.14), Anxiety (29.13;17.28;19.24) and PTSD (43.33;27.02;27.06)], whereas there was no noteworthy change in the means of all the disorders from baseline to midline to endline for the control group [Depression (32.25;34.39;32.40), Anxiety (27.83;27.69;28.53) and PTSD (45.09;42.25;42.43)]. The researcher recommended that due to the high prevalence of IPV, more counsellors need to be trained on SFT in both the public and private sector.