Effect of Facebook on Perceived Marital Success among Users in Nairobi County

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of Facebook usage on perceived marital success among users in Nairobi County, Kenya. The growing reliance on social networking sites for communication has transformed how couples interact, creating both opportunities for connection and challenges to relational stability. Guided by the Social Penetration Theory and the Uses and Gratifications Theory, the research examined how self-disclosure, surveillance, jealousy, and online engagement influence marital satisfaction, commitment, and trust among couples. The study adopted a descriptive research design and targeted 399 married men and women residing in Lang’ata Sub-County, Nairobi. A sample of 120 participants was selected using purposive and simple random sampling methods. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews to capture both quantitative and qualitative insights. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics means, standard deviations, and percentages, while qualitative data were examined thematically to identify recurring patterns and narratives related to Facebook use and relationship dynamics. The findings revealed that Facebook use had a significant yet dual effect on perceived marital success. On one hand, excessive engagement led to increased jealousy, mistrust, relational ambiguity, and surveillance behaviours that strained marriages. On the other hand, moderate and purposeful use of Facebook enhanced communication and emotional connection, particularly among couples in long-distance relationships. The study further established that demographic factors such as age and education level moderated the relationship between Facebook use and marital satisfaction, where younger and less-educated couples reported higher levels of conflict and lower satisfaction compared to older and more educated counterparts. The research concludes that while Facebook serves as a valuable platform for maintaining intimacy and social connection, unregulated use can undermine marital stability through the erosion of trust and emotional security. It recommends that couples adopt healthy online communication habits, establish mutual boundaries regarding social media interactions, and seek relationship counselling when digital behaviours create tension. Additionally, the study encourages counsellors and communication scholars to integrate discussions on social media use into marital education programs. Future research should explore other platforms such as Instagram and X to compare patterns of social media influence on marital success across different digital environments.