School of Applied Human Sciences

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Browsing School of Applied Human Sciences by Subject "adolescents"

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    Efficacy of pharmacotherapy and dialectical behavior therapy in treatment of suicide behavior among inpatient and outpatient adolescents at Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Annex, Cappa-Lagos, Nigeria.
    (International Journal of Life Sciences Research., 2023) Munene, Alice; Ojuade, Samuel O.; Mbutu, Paul Mutinda
    Purpose: Suicide behavior is one of the major public health concerns and one of the leading causes of death globally. 1 However, data shows that 75% of suicide deaths worldwide emanated from low-and middle-income countries. 2 The alarming upsurge in suicide rate among adolescents in Nigeria calls for clinical effective treatment options for at-risk adolescents. This present study therefore sought to assess efficacy of pharmacotherapy and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in suicide behavior among inpatient and outpatient adolescents with mood disorders. Methods: The researchers assigned the recruited 81 patients (N = 43 outpatients for DBT) and (N= 38 inpatients for Pharmacotherapy) to participate in a quasi-experimental research design to evaluate differential effects of pharmacotherapy and DBT treatment options. The Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-revised version was used to collect data from the patients who participated in the study. Results: The mean estimate of the two therapeutic approaches showed that the approaches were statistically efficacious to reduce suicidal behavior (Ps < 0.0001). The DiD estimator using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) showed a declining trend over the pre-test and post-test period of assessment, depicting reduction in the suicidal scores, however, these reductions were insignificant (p=0.523). This means, the two approaches are equally effective in suicide reduction. However, Cohen d effect size for Pharmacotherapy (d= 2.245; 95% CI: 1.460 – 3.031) and effect size for DBT was (d=2.586; 95% CI: 1.884 – 3.241) over assessment periods indicated that pharmacotherapy intervention was able to reduce mean suicide behaviors lower (2.245) than DBT (2.586). Conclusion: Result from this quasi-experimental study implied that treatment of suicidal behaviors among participants was slightly more effective using pharmacotherapy compared to DBT but statistically insignificant. Further study on combination of Pharmacotherapy and DBT for effective prognosis.
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    Emotional Intelligence in Relation to Gender among Secondary School Students in Athi- River Sub-County, Kenya
    (African Research Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2020) Ngondi, Rose; Khasakhala, Lincoln; Yugi, Philemon
    Abstract An individual with high level of emotional intelligence is more likely to handle life challenges more effectively than an individual with low level of emotional intelligence. Children in the age bracket of 13-19 are in a critical phase of life that usher them to early adulthood. This phase is characterized by heightened emotionality hence considered as stressful by many. As such, it is imperative that they acquire necessary skills that will enable them identify, understand and manage their emotions as they progress to adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in emotional intelligence of secondary school students. The study used quasiexperimental design and results are at baseline analysis. The sample comprised of 120 students ranging between 13-18 years studying in secondary schools in Athi-river Sub County. Purposive, simple and systematic sampling techniques were used to select four private secondary schools and the participants. Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-i: YV) tool was used to assess emotional intelligence. Spearman’s correlation and independent t-test were used in data analysis. There was a statistically significant correlation between gender and emotional intelligence with females having higher emotional intelligence mean scores than males. Moreover both genders differed significantly in two dimensions of emotional intelligence; female students showed higher stress management skills while male students showed higher scores on general mood. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the ministry of education should provide for gender-based life skills training to improve emotional intelligence with respect to these gender differences.
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    Role of Parents in Prevention of Substance Use among Adolescents in Selected Public Secondary Schools in Mumbuni Location- Machakos County, Kenya.
    (African Research Journal of Education and Social Sciences., 2020) Waithima, Charity Wangui
    Drug use is one of major problems facing the Kenyan youths today. The main purpose of the study to investigate the role of parents in prevention of substance use among adolescents in selected public Secondary Schools in Mumbuni Location- Machakos County, Kenya. This study employed descriptive survey design. The target population was 3,336 Form three and four students enrolled in 20 public secondary schools. Systematic and stratified random sampling methods were employed to select 9 out of 20 secondary schools for the purpose of the study. Data was collected by use of researcher’s questionnaire guided by the research objective. The schools were stratified into three; boys, girls and mixed secondary schools. Data was drawn from 180 students and 100 parents and was analysed by use of inferential and descriptive statistics and presented using tables and charts. Chi-square technique was used to examine the relationship between parental mentoring and prevention of adolescent substance use. The study findings showed that the use of substances at home negatively mentored their children into substance use. Further, the study findings revealed that failure to set time to guide the children by parents had a negative impact in prevention of substance use. The study significantly showed association and positive correlation between negative parental mentoring and increased rate of adolescent substance use with the findings as (r=7.23, p=0.05 where r is the correlation coefficient and p is the significant level. The study concluded that students perceived that their parents mentored them into substance use. The researcher recommends more training; sensitization and awareness seminars and build rehabilitation centres to empower parents in prevention of adolescent substance use.