Browsing by Author "Nguru, Judith"

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    Law Schools as Legal Aid Providers in Kenya: Challenges and Lessons Learnt from Practice
    (International Journal Clinical Legal Education, 2021) Mikinyango, Asha; Nguru, Judith
    Legal aid is the provision of free or subsidized legal services to mainly poor and vulnerable people who cannot afford advocate fees. The right to legal aid is well rooted in the international, regional human rights treaty framework to which Kenya party. The provision of legal aid addresses the concerns of the poor and vulnerable by focusing on challenges that foil access to justice. In recognition of this, the Government of Kenya promulgated the Legal Aid Act, 2016 establishing the National Legal Aid Service to provide legal aid services to needy, marginalized, and vulnerable persons. This was a very important move, propelling the Government to prioritize legal aid provision as a right as well as a necessity for promotion of rule of law and access to justice. However, it is imperative to understand that the duty does not squarely fall on the State alone. There is need for non-state actors' support from private entities like law …
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    Legal Mechanisms for Eliminating Discrimination Against Women in Executive Boards of Sports Federations
    (Paradigm Academic Press, 2025-05) Nguru, Judith; Tioko, EE; Wekesa, Moni; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Ashubwe, JA; Mikinyango, Asha; Wekesa, K. T
    The question of gender parity in sports governance gained traction following provisions in international treaties on non-discrimination of persons. Sports governing bodies have been whipped into following suit. The Constitution of Kenya, 2010, also forbids discrimination. Despite global commitments by international sports bodies to gender equality, women remain underrepresented in leadership roles. Numerous studies have reported this phenomenon. This study investigated the persistent underrepresentation of women in leadership roles within international, regional/African, and national sports governance structures, with a focus on identifying the legal and institutional mechanisms that enable or obstruct gender equality. This study relied on feminist jurisprudence as the underlying theory. This research employed a doctrinal methodology to evaluate and analyze various laws and journal articles. Content analysis and descriptive statistics were applied to the data. Purposive sampling was used to select a total of 63 sports federations out of 360 (17.5%). Out of these, only 15 (23.8%) sports federations have a gender representation of at least one-third, with some, such as the International Cricket Council, recording 0%. Only four (19%) of the national sports bodies studied are compliant with constitutional provisions. Most of the sports bodies do not have specific quotas for achieving gender parity. The hierarchical structure of sports bodies often promotes ‘oligarchy’. It is recommended that enforceable gender parity clause providing for a minimum quota of 40% be built into the constitutions/statutes of all sports bodies at all levels.