Browsing by Author "Mbutu, Paul"
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Item Attitude of expectant mothers to medical practitioners ‘advice and its effect on maternal mortality in Kibera slum, Nairobi(Journal Of Communication, 2017) Ndung’u, Stacy Wangari; Mbutu, PaulPurpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the attitude of expectant mothers to medical practitioners‟ advice and its effect on maternal mortality in Kibera slum, Nairobi Methodology:The study utilized a correlation research design. The target population comprised all expectant mothers within Kibera slums who were present at the selected clinics during antenatal day at the time of data collection. The target population also constituted all the twenty eight medical practitioners working at the five selected clinics as well as all the peer professionals who listen to the expectant mothers‟ complaints. The study conducted a census for the medical practitioners and used convenience sampling for the expectant mothers and peer professionals. The sample size was 38 respondents. The study used a questionnaire, focus group discussion and a key informant interview guide as research instrumentsto obtain primary data.The questionnaires were self-administered with the help of two research assistants while the researcher conducted the focus group discussion with the expectant mothers and the key informant interview with the two peer proffessionals. The researcher analyzed both quantitative and qualitative data. Results: Based on the findings the study concluded that expectant mothers‟ in Kibera slum uphold various cultural norms which affect intercultural communication between the mothers and medical practitioners negatively. The study also concluded that expectant mothers in Kibera slum had expectations about the medical practitioners‟ intercultural communication skills. These expectationsaffect intercultural communication of health information among expectant mothers. Further, the study concluded that expectant mothers have negative attitudes towards the medical practitioners which significantly contributed to maternal mortality in Kibera slum. Policy recommendation: The Ministry of Health should take the initiative to educate the residents of Kibera slum on the importance of attending antenatal and prenatal clinics. The MOHItem Chamas as Stable Organisations: A Binding Proposition to McPhee and Zaug’s Four Flows(International Journal of Communication and Public Relation, 2018-05) Njeru, B. Wairimu; Mbutu, Paul; Awiti, JanePurpose: Chamas are popular social collectives in Kenya. Literature suggests that one in three Kenyans belong to at least one Chama, and that though Chamas are formed for a variety of valid reasons, many often break within their formative years. The four Chamas presented in this study are between 8 and 16 years old, and in their words, are growing stronger. The study takes on a Communicative Constitution of Organisation (CCO) metatheoretical stance, to explore how communication constitutes the Chamas as such stable organisations. Methodology: The study adopted the McPhee and Zaug‟s Four Flows model, which suggests that organisations are communicatively constituted through Four flows: membership negotiation, reflexive self-structuring, activity coordination, and institutional positioning. While Chamas exhibit these flows in unique ways, we argue that a more binding, additional flow contributes to a stable Chama, creating an organisation better placed in meeting its objectives, and therefore working better for the wellbeing of its members, as well as its wider social context. This study presents findings from four purposively selected Chamas: KP, BC, UFN, and TW, which were observed over 6 months. Four in depth interviews were held with the leadership of the Chamas, in addition to four focus group discussions with members of the Chamas. Results: The findings reveal a unique Flow, which we refer to as the Intangible Fabric Flow, which arguably, smoothens the running of McPhee and Zaug‟s Four Flows, in the context of the Chamas, and adds an exclusive theoretical contribution. Unique Contribution to theory and practice: The study provides a unique contribution to theory and practice since Chamas and organisations in general will benefit from considering and nurturing an intangible fabric which helps them to hold together, beyond the work that they are doing. This stability can bring with it immense rewards brought about by a stable organisation.Item Cultural Norms That expectant mothers in Kibera slum uphold(Journal Of Communication, 2017) Ndung’u, Stacy Wangari; Mbutu, PaulPurpose: The purpose of this study was cultural norms that expectant mothers in Kibera slum uphold. Methodology: The study utilized a correlation research design. The target population comprised all expectant mothers within Kibera slums who were present at the selected clinics during antenatal day at the time of data collection. The target population also constituted all the twenty eight medical practitioners working at the five selected clinics as well as all the peer professionals who listen to the expectant mothers‟ complaints. The study conducted a census for the medical practitioners and used convenience sampling for the expectant mothers and peer professionals. The sample size was 38 respondents. The study used a questionnaire, focus group discussion and a key informant interview guide as research instruments to obtain primary data. The questionnaires were self-administered with the help of two research assistants while the researcher conducted the focus group discussion with the expectant mothers and the key informant interview with the two peer professionals. The researcher analyzed both quantitative and qualitative data. Results:The medical practitioners indicated that expectant mothers uphold cultural customs, cultural practices, cultural beliefs and cultural agreement values.The expectant mothers indicated that they observe various cultural norms .Results also revealed that the existence of cultural norms affect the intercultural communication of health information among expectant mothers. However, some of the expectant mothers take up advice that goes against their cultural beliefs and norms. They take up advice on various issues such as vaccination, giving birth in clinics, taking of drugs, going to prenatal clinics, family planning and undergoing caesarean during birth. Policy recommendation: The Ministry of Health should take the initiative to educate the residents of Kibera slum on the importance of attending antenatal and prenatal clinics. The MOH should also lead campaigns that condemn outdated cultural customs which subject expectant mothers to adverse risks even to the point of losing their lives. This can be done through the local mediaItem Exploring Terror Victims’ Expectations of Government Communication(International Journal of Media, Journalism and Mass Communications, 2020) Aswani, Daniel Robert; Mbutu, Paul; Mwithia, KinyaAt the time of a terror attack, victims yearn for messages from the government so that they can make decisions on their safety and security. When the government communicates, the victims form perceptions towards such communication. The perceptions that victims of terror hold are partly attributed to the expectations that the victims have of government communication. This study explored terror victims’ expectations of government communication. The study adopted a qualitative methodology and used hermeneutic phenomenological design. The findings showed that victims of terror have expectations of government communication ranging from the desire for personalized communication; agility in communication; transparent and prompt communication; well-coordinated messaging; and communicate power and authority. Different studies, both conceptual and speculative, point to the same expectations of the different audiences that consume government communication.Item Severity of Suicide Behaviors among Parasuicidal Adolescents at Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kappa-Lagos, Nigeria(African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018) Ojuade, Samuel O.; Munene, Alice; Mbutu, PaulThe purpose of this study was to establish the severity of suicide behaviors and co-existing mental disorders at Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kappa-Lagos, Nigeria. The sample size of 115 participants was selected at 80% power and 30% effective size using purposive sampling technique. The research used Suicide Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-R), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), and Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ) to collect data. Data obtained from researcher-generated socio-economic demographic questionnaire and standardized psychological assessment tools was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and summarized in percentages. The results of the study show that suicide behaviors were more predominantly severe among participants aged 18-21 than participants aged 14-17. The prevalence of suicide behavior was noticed among female, university students, and Christians, especially the Pentecostals. In addition, the severity of suicidal behaviors was high among adolescents whose fathers were employed, whose mothers were jobless, whose family economic status was poor and slightly higher among adolescents whose parents lived together compared to those whose parents lived apart.Item Victims Understanding Of Government through Actions and Communication: The Case of Garissa University College Terror Attack(International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies, 2020-12) Aswani, Daniel Robert; Mbutu, Paul; Kinya, MwithiaThis study falls within the government communication field. In the study, we aim at exploring what citizens make of government from its actions and communication. The study was contextualized in the government actions and communication during the 2015 Garissa University College terror attack. Terrorism is violent communication aimed at discrediting the position that governments protect citizens’ lives and property. How government deals with the attackers and how it communicates to citizens who eagerly await government communication reveals something about the nature of government. Although government communicates to the citizens, studies have been silent on citizen feedback based on the messages and actions of the government. This study adopted a qualitative approach and took a hermeneutic phenomenological design where terror victims’ lived experiences were interrogated to elucidate some perceptions towards government and government communication. Three methods were used to generate data, namely: interviews, observation and document analysis. The study findings revealed that terror victims interacted with government — an interaction that revealed a government that send mixed signals on its capacity to handle the situation