Browsing by Author "Korir, Agnes Jemutai"
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Item Analysis of the Experieces of Using Monitoring and Evaluation System in Service Delivery Among Local Authorities in Rwanda: A case of Sector Councils in Gasabo District(Journal of Public Policy and Administration, 2017) Nyirarukundo, Diane; Nzyuko, Solomon; Korir, Agnes JemutaiPurpose: To analyze the experience of using monitoring and evaluation system in service delivery among local authorities in Rwanda. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. Findings: The findings revealed that most sectors have an established monitoring and evaluation system. The results on the role of monitoring and evaluation in service delivery revealed that monitoring and evaluation enhances effective use of resources in their sector through use of performance contracts. Findings also showed that the local government of Gasabo district faced the challenge of inadequate finances in monitoring and evaluation of service delivery, lack of expertise in monitoring and evaluation of service delivery, lack of capacity in monitoring and evaluation of service delivery, high level of bureaucracy in monitoring and evaluation of service delivery and existence of multiple M&E frameworks. The results also revealed that the local government of Gasabo District experienced ease in making policies due to use of monitoring and evaluation system in service delivery, proper management, transparency and accountability, empowerment of the people of Rwanda to actively participate in the political and social and economic transformation of Rwanda. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Gasabo District in Rwanda will benefit from the study findings in that the study findings will assist in setting clear benchmark on how to establish regulations that will provide the direction, oversight and assistance to those involved in service delivery. The study findings will also benefit the Rwandan citizens, in the long run in that they will enjoy proper services and at their convenient timing as stipulated in the district development plans. The findings of this study will also enable the government/concerned authorities come up with measures on how to overcome the loop holes in service delivery and how such measures could contribute to successful better service delivery in other districts of Rwanda and other countries. Lastly, the findings will be useful to academicians and other researchers and policy makers and will contribute to existing literature for further research to extend, refine or validate the findings of the study.Item Effect of a Community Health Worker Led Health Education Intervention on Latrine Coverage in Mwingi West Sub-County; Kenya: A Quasi-Experiment(American Journal of Public Health Research, 2018) Korir, Agnes Jemutai; Nzioki, Japheth MativoIt is estimated that globally 2.4 billion people still lack access to improved sanitation and 946 million still practice open defecation. Every Kenyan has a right to adequate sanitation and the government of Kenya is committed to ensure that Kenyans enjoy adequate sanitation by the year 2030. Despite this commitment, latrine coverage in many parts of Kenya is low and the result is a high prevalence of hygiene and sanitation related illnesses. In Kitui County, open defecation is high at 30.9%. The aim of this study was to assess effect of Community Healthy Strategy (CHS) on latrine coverage in Mwingi West sub county, Kitui County-Kenya. The study was a pretest-post test experiment with intervention and control sites. Mwingi West and Mwingi North sub-counties were intervention and control sites respectively. Participants in intervention site received health education on importance latrine construction and safe fecal disposal while control site did not. In each site, 1 pre-intervention and 2 post-intervention surveys were conducted with each survey having a sample size of 422 households. An observation checklist and a questionnaire were the main data collection tools. In the intervention site, CHS significantly increased latrine coverage from baseline to midterm survey and from baseline to end-term survey by 21% (Z=7.0128, P=0.0001) and 27.6% (Z=9.7189, P=0.0001) respectively. Compared to baseline, households in intervention site-midterm survey and intervention site-endterm survey were 4 times more likely to have a latrine (adj. OR: 4.356, P<0.0001, 95% CI: 2.975-6.379 and 3 times more likely to have a latrine (adj. OR: 3.391, P<0.0001, 95% CI: 2.686-4.280) respectively. No significant difference was observed on latrine coverage in the control site. CHS significantly increased latrine coverage in Mwingi West Sub-county. To declare Kenya an Open Defecation Free country and help the country meet the global sanitation related Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, county governments need to scale up implementation of CHS to cover areas which have not been covered.Item Effect of A Community Health Worker led Intervention on Skilled Birth Care in Rural Mwingi West Sub-County, Kenya: A Quasi Experimental Study(African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2018) Nzioki, Japheth Mativo; Korir, Agnes Jemutai; Ombaka, James H; Ouma, James O; Onyango, Rosebella OAbstract Despite strong evidence that skilled birth care (SBC) significantly reduces maternal deaths, one in four babies worldwide are delivered without SBC. This has kept maternal mortality rates (MMR) high in sub-Saharan Africa and Kenya in particular. Kenya adopted Community Health Strategy (CHS) with the aim of improving community health services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CHS on SBC in Mwingi west sub-county, Kenya. A quasi experimental study design was conducted with 1 pretest and 2 post-test household surveys done in intervention and control sites. Sample size in each survey was 422 households. Women with a child aged 9-12 months were main respondents. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds of SBC utilization before and after the intervention In intervention site; SBC utilization significantly improved by 12.9% (57.9% vs. 70.5%) and women in end term survey were 1.6 times (Adj. OR=1.556, P<0.0001; 95%CI: 1.295-1.868) more likely to deliver under SBC compared to baseline. Compared to control, the proportion of women delivering under SBC in intervention site increased by 8.6%. To improve maternal and child health outcomes in Kenya, implementation of CHS should be fast tracked in all counties.Item Effect of Community Health Strategy on Utilization of Post-Partum Family Planning Services in Mwingi West Sub-County(Journal held by Rift Valley Technical Training Institute, 2019) Nziok, Japheth Mativo; Korir, Agnes Jemutai; Ombaka, James H.; Onyango, Rosebella O.Abstract World Health Organization defines Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) as the prevention of unintended pregnancy and closely spaced pregnancies through the first 12 months following childbirth. PPFP focuses on the prevention of unintended and closely spaced pregnancies through the first 12 months following childbirth. Globally, PPFP is a key life-saving intervention for mothers and their children. PPFP averts more than 30% of maternal deaths and 10% of child mortality. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of Community Health Strategy (CHS) in utilization of PPFP among women in Kitui County-Kenya. The study used quasi experiment with one pretest and two post-test surveys conducted in both intervention and control sites. Data was collected from 422 women in each survey. Participants in intervention site received Maternal and Child Health (MCH) education including counselling on PPFP. In the control site, participants received standard MCH care provided by Kitui County government. Utilization of PPFP increased significantly by 8.9% (Z= 2.5135, P<0.05) in intervention arm-end-time survey compared to intervention arm-baseline survey. Women in intervention arm-end-term survey were 1.4 times more likely to use a modern PPFP method at 9-12 months PP compared to women at intervention arm-baseline survey [Adj. OR=1.386, P<0.05; (95% CI: 1.164-1.651)]. No significant difference was observed in utilization of PPFP in the surveys conducted in control site. CHS significantly increased utilization of modern PPFP methods among women at 9-12 moths PP in intervention site. To increase utilization of modern PPFP methods in Kenya, we recommend scaling up the CHS intervention in areas where it has not yet been implemented and supporting other CHW led interventions promoting use of modern PPFP methods.Item Effective Methods for Community Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion in the Developing World: A Scoping Review(Africa Journal of Technical & Vocational Education & Training, 2020) Nzioki, Japheth Mativo ; Korir, Agnes JemutaiWorld Health Organization data on the burden of disease shows that approximately 3.1% of deaths (1.7 million) and 3.7% (54.2 million) of disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs) worldwide are attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. In Africa and developing countries in South East Asia 4 - 8% of all disease burdens are attributable to poor hygiene and sanitation. Over 99.8% of all deaths in developing world are attributable to the same factors and 90% are deaths of children under five years. Studies have shown that more than 2 billion people lack access to adequate sanitation and hygiene and increased access to sanitation and better hygienic practices have significant positive health and other impacts. The aim of this study was to search, document and provide a synthesis of effective methods used in promoting hygiene and sanitation in communities across the developing world. This was a scoping review. A total of 42 evaluation surveys were reviewed. Data was collected from 8 out of 42 papers which met the inclusion criteria to be considered into the dataset. Results indicated that social mobilization and community participation methods which include; Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) are effective methods in promoting community hygiene and sanitation. Though Children’s Hygiene and Sanitation Training (CHAST) and Sanitation marketing have been implemented to improve hygiene and sanitation, currently no evaluation studies have been conducted to evaluate effectiveness of these approaches. To achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all, and to end open defecation and reduce burden of diarrheal diseases by the year 2030 (Target 6.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals), governments and development agencies working in the developing world need to fast track adoption and scaling up of CLTS and PHAST. CHAST and sanitation marketing strategies should also be embraced because they are grounded on sound scientific principles and have potential to improve hygiene and sanitation. However, there is need to carry out evaluation surveys to measure their effectiveness in improving sanitation and hygiene in the developing worldItem Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school-aged children in pastoralist communities of Kenya: A cross-sectional study(PLOS ONE, 2024) Kihoro, Richelle W.; Mulewa, Damaris; Okoyo, Collins; Ayaa, Dominics Dan; Korir, Agnes Jemutai; Njomo, Doris W.; Mwandawiro, Charles S.; Masaku, JanetAbstract Introduction Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, the National School Based Deworming Program (NSBDP) was launched in 2012 with a goal of reducing STH prevalence in school-aged children (SAC) to <1%, however monitoring and evaluation results have consistently showed > 20% prevalence in Narok County. We conducted a study to investigate factors associated with STH infections among SAC in Narok County. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 514 SAC from five schools in Trans Mara West sub-county, Narok County. The sub-county was selected because it had participating schools within the NSBDP with a high prevalence of STH infection. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Stool samples collected from participants were examined for STH eggs using Kato-Katz technique. An open data kit questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographics, household, and STH knowledge information from 139 of the 514 SAC. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data, prevalence and mean intensity of infections were calculated, and logistic regression used to determine factors associated with STH infections. Results The overall prevalence of any STH infection was 24.6% (95%CI: 21.1–28.6). Trichuris trichiura 14.4% (95%CI: 11.7–17.8), Ascaris lumbricoides 12.5% (95%CI: 9.9–15.7) and hookworm 0%. From multivariable analysis the only factors significantly associated with increased risk of STH infection were, children attending Karda and Nkarano schools with aOR = 5.29 (95%CI: 1.45–19.24); p = 0.011 and aOR = 4.53 (95%CI: 1.29–15.97); p = 0.019 respectively. For A. lumbricoides, children attending Nkarano School were associated with a significant risk of infection with aOR = 7.81 (95%CI: 1.81–33.63); p = 0.006. Conclusions Despite the ongoing work of NSBDP, the STH prevalence is still � 20% in Trans Mara West sub-county Narok County, among SAC. This underscores the need for continued annual MDA. Additionally, if possible, drug combinations may effectively manage T. trichiura, the region’s most common helminth. The study found a correlation between children attending specific schools and STH infection risk, suggesting the importance of health education and improved water, sanitation, and hygiene practices holistically both in schools and associated catchment areas that can act as STH reservoirs to alleviate the burden of STHItem How Indigenous Leadership Research in Africa Can Inspire National Prosperity(Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2023-07-18) Bukusi, Allan Doyle Mududa; Korir, Agnes Jemutai; Musya, Justus KatooThis paper challenges leaders involved in governance, politics, academia, industry and leadership training to access the Afrocentric leadership advantage to unlock the wisdom and benefits of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) across the continent. The authors conducted a review of recent published literature by African leadership scholars that authenticate indigenous leadership thought in the face of historic, colonial and imperial Eurocentric western theory. The authors re-position indigenous leadership research as a critical center-piece and last-mile strategy to achieve pragmatic national transformation. The authors argue that hegemonic Eurocentric leadership models serve to satisfy global, financial and economic capital gains metrics, but do not always serve the social wellbeing and transformative growth interests of local communities. The paper urges policy makers, leadership program developers and business innovators to access and incorporate the findings of Indigenous Leadership Research in Africa (ILRA) to inspire national development and prosperity over the next 200 years.Item Literature Review Analysis of Academic Dishonesty in Online Examinations Due to Technological Advancement: The Case of Downloading and Hacking of Answers(Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Sciences, 2023) Odima, Mabel; Korir, Agnes JemutaiOnline teaching and learning are an appropriate alternative for sustained continuity, in case of interrupted learning by pandemics or crises. It has been faced with multiple challenges of dishonesty that have intensified due to technological advancement and the smartness of youth in technology. The focus of this paper is on the literature review analysis on the case of downloading and hacking of the exams that has become a norm with online examination administration. The objective of the paper is to investigate the incidence of downloading of answers with online invigilation measures available. It also seeks to confirm whether exams are hacked into prior to the examination hour and with what effects on the overall class performance. Literature review analysis through desktop research was conducted by examining cross cutting publications on the topic. Special focus evolved around studies that were done from the pandemic in the year 2020 to date, when the unpreparedness for instructors was high and the tension with the learners so critical. Qualitative research was used in the study. It is assumed remotely that as the adjustment took place and instructors were equipped, things may have improved for the better. With standardized agreed upon technological interventions, instructors can help reduce the incidences of online academic dishonesty in examinations. Recommendations have been made to educate online instructors on the keenness required to achieve integrity in exam participation by learners who will in turn apply the same in life.Item The Role of Community Based Organization (CBO) in Community Transformation: The Case of Lukenya Pillars of Transformation (LPT), Machakos County, Kenya(Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Sciences, 2023-03) Korir, Agnes Jemutai; Odima, MabelTransformation is a major post COVID 19 issue of focus for Lukenya Pillars of Transformation (LPT), a student engineered Community Based Organization (CBO). The objective of this research is to enhance visibility of the CBO through highlighting and analyzing results by two interns attached to complete their post COVID 19 response on mental health issues and impact among adolescents between the ages of 11-15 years. It is expected that the research would bring visibility for the CBO to attract funding for projects. The research utilized a descriptive research design approach. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed through the use of questionnaires and key informants. A sample size of 130 pupils filled out questionnaires and 20 key informants were interviewed on the relevant discussions that were ongoing. The pupils were selected using a census sampling method while the key informants were through purposive sampling. The quantitative data was coded and analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Qualitative data was coded and put into themes and concepts that the respondents shared, and analyzed in line with respective research objectives. From the findings, it was observed that COVID 19 lockdown affected the age group 11-15 years adversely yet mortality and morbidity were low. In the same light, some respondents did not have a clear knowledge of COVID 19. Although all pupils were affected emotionally and economically, where there was social support adaptation was positive. As a result of the findings, trainings were implemented for pupils, parents, teachers, social workers, and guardians. Funding was sought to support LPT. The study will contribute positively to applied knowledge in the area of development in Machakos County.