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Adequacy of School Resources and infrastructure in relation to Pupils’ Performance in English subject at Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Examination
(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2020-11) Wandera, Susan N.; Akala, Winston Jumba; Imonje, Rosemary Khitieyi
School resources and infrastructure are very essential to the learning and teaching process. In exploring level of learner performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Examinations, learning resources and school infrastructure is one of major indicators of the level of preparedness for enhancing learner performance. The study determined the relation of the adequacy of school resources and infrastructure on learner performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Examination (KCPE) in English subject in public primary schools in Kenya. The study used descriptive survey design using purposive sampling technique. This enabled the study capture how levels of adequacy of school resources and infrastructure relate to learner performance in National Examination public primary schools in Machakos County. The unit of analysis was Public primary schools. The County has 842 Government run public primary schools out of which 86 schools were studied. Data was collected using observation schedules and questionnaires. Respondents were teachers who teach English subject. Study found that availability and usage of teaching and learning resources averaging 65 % and availability/adequacy and usage of school infrastructure averaging 60 % to correspond to learner performance scores in KCPE.
Adequacy of School Resources and infrastructure in relation to Pupils’ Performance in English subject at Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Examination
(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2020-11) Wandera, Susan; Akala, Winston Jumba; Imonje, Rosemary Khitieyi
School resources and infrastructure are very essential to the learning and teaching process. In exploring level of learner performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Examinations, learning resources and school infrastructure is one of major indicators of the level of preparedness for enhancing learner performance. The study determined the relation of the adequacy of school resources and infrastructure on learner performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Examination (KCPE) in English subject in public primary schools in Kenya. The study used descriptive survey design using purposive sampling technique. This enabled the study capture how levels of adequacy of school resources and infrastructure relate to learner performance in National Examination public primary schools in Machakos County. The unit of analysis was Public primary schools. The County has 842 Government run public primary schools out of which 86 schools were studied. Data was collected using observation schedules and questionnaires. Respondents were teachers who teach English subject. Study found that availability and usage of teaching and learning resources averaging 65 % and availability/adequacy and usage of school infrastructure averaging 60 % to correspond to learner performance scores in KCPE.
African Christianity and the Intersection of Faith, Traditional, and Biomedical Healing.
(International Bulletin of Mission Research, 2021) Boyo, Bernard; Bowen, Michael; Kariuki, Scholastica; Kombo, James
Africa has witnessed an increase of clergy who favor faith healing but have little appreciation for modern medicine. The intersection between African traditional healing and faith healing remains unclear, with most curricula in theological and Bible schools failing to address these fundamental issues. Research was conducted to establish the intersection between faith, traditional, and biomedical healing. The findings show that faith healing is practiced by nearly three-fourths of the respondents and that African Instituted Churches give relatively more attention to practices of faith healing than do other denominations.
Age and Gender Differences in Involvement in Non-Illegal and Minor- Illegal Delinquent Behaviours among Adolescent Students in Secondary Schools in Nairobi, Kenya
(Sciknow Publications Ltd, 2014) Kariuki, Scolastica N.; Aloka, Peter J.O.
Behaviour problems of Kenyan secondary school students have continued to be a great concern. The study investigated age and gender differences in involvement in non-illegal and minorillegal delinquent behaviours among adolescent students in secondary schools in Nairobi, Kenya. The participants comprised 219 females and 191 male students selected by use of stratified and simple random sampling methods. Data was collected using a researcher designed questionnaire. The independent variables were age and gender while the dependent variables were adolescents’ non- illegal (noncompliance and truancy) and minor-illegal (violence, substance abuse and stealing) delinquent behaviours. A correlational survey design was employed and relationships were examined using correlation coefficient statistics. The findings revealed that adolescents’ gender differences in involving in non-illegal delinquent behaviours was χ2 (2df, N=410) =3.709, p = .157 > .05. On the other hand, the adolescents’ gender difference in involvement in minor-illegal delinquent behaviours was χ2 (2df, N=410) = (16.021) p = .000, < .05. There were significant age difference in adolescents’ involvement in non-illegal, t =88.29 (df = 409), p = 000 < .05; and minor non-illegal delinquent behaviours, t = 91.623 df = 409, p = 000 < .05. The study recommended for the use of a multi-faceted approach to adolescents’ behaviour management in schools
An Analysis of the Extent to which the Government Policies affect the Academic Performance of Learners in Public Primary Schools in Matete Sub County, Kakamega County Kenya
(Elixir International Journal, 2019-04-11) Rotumoi, Joseph; Cherui, Rodgers; Pepela, Sammy
The performance of pupils at the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education in public schools in Kenya remains a challenge since the number of pupils performing poorly is still high. In Matete Sub County, the performance of pupils at KCPE has been declining from the year 2012-2015, with a mean of 2.48. Therefore, the objective of the study was to find out the extent to which government policies affect the academic performance of primary school learners in Matete sub county, Kakamega county. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study population comprised of 49 head teachers, 49 senior teachers, 75 standard eight class teachers, 1759 class eight pupils, and 1 Sub County Quality Assurance Officer. The study sampled 44 head teachers, 44 senior teachers and one sub-county Quality Assurance Officer who were selected through saturated sampling technique. Sixty-three class eight teachers were selected through simple random sampling technique. It also comprised 525 standards 8 pupils, who were selected through stratified sampling technique. Instruments for data collection were questionnaire, interview schedules, focus group discussions and document analysis guide. Face validity of the instruments was ascertained by experts in educational administration. Pilot study was carried out among 15 pupils, 5 head teachers, and 5 senior teachers. A Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of 0.7 was found; hence the instruments were reliable. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data was transcribed and categorized on an on-going process as themes and sub themes emerge. The study showed that Government policies moderately affect academic performance with a mean of 3.39. Staffing policy as one of the government policy profoundly affected KCPE performance with a mean of 4.39.
An Analysis of the Extent to which the Government Policies affect the Academic Performance of Learners in Public Primary Schools in Matete Sub County, Kakamega County Kenya.
(Elixir International Journal, 2019-04) Rotumoi, Joseph; Cherui, Rodgers Gowon; Pepela, Sammy
The performance of pupils at the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education in public schools in Kenya remains a challenge since the number of pupils performing poorly is still high. In Matete Sub County, the performance of pupils at KCPE has been declining from the year 2012-2015, with a mean of 2.48. Therefore, the objective of the study was to find out the extent to which government policies affect the academic performance of primary school learners in Matete sub county, Kakamega county. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study population comprised of 49 head teachers, 49 senior teachers, 75 standard eight class teachers, 1759 class eight pupils, and 1 Sub County Quality Assurance Officer. The study sampled 44 head teachers, 44 senior teachers and one sub-county Quality Assurance Officer who were selected through saturated sampling technique. Sixty-three class eight teachers were selected through simple random sampling technique. It also comprised 525 standards 8 pupils, who were selected through stratified sampling technique. Instruments for data collection were questionnaire, interview schedules, focus group discussions and document analysis guide. Face validity of the instruments was ascertained by experts in educational administration. Pilot study was carried out among 15 pupils, 5 head teachers, and 5 senior teachers. A Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of 0.7 was found; hence the instruments were reliable. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data was transcribed and categorized on an on-going process as themes and sub themes emerge. The study showed that Government policies moderately affect academic performance with a mean of 3.39. Staffing policy as one of the government policy profoundly affected KCPE performance with a mean of 4.39.
Assessment of Alternatives of Financing Youth Polytechnic’s Activities in Imenti South District, Meru County
(African Journal of Education Science and Technology,, 2015-01) Cherui, Rodgers; Magak, Grace; Oloibe, Jane
The role of youth polytechnic in the provision of middle level education cannot be overemphasized. Most learners who cannot proceed to high schools and other tertiary institutions resort to youth polytechnics to gain skills which they use mainly in the informal sector. While the potential for quick expansion of youth polytechnics programs are there, there are a number of factors that are hampering their growth. The ministry of education does not fund youth polytechnics but only gives them grants to pay instructors’ salaries. There is a challenge in funding education sector since resources are scarce. The government has been allocating a lot of funds to other levels of education and very little is allocated to the Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET). This study sought to assess alternatives of financing youth polytechnics activities and how income so generated is used to offer quality training in Imenti South District- Meru County. The researcher adopted descriptive survey design. The study targeted the two polytechnics in Imenti South District. Purposive sampling was used and a sample of 27 respondents was identified. Piloting was done in the polytechnic not involved in the study. Spearman’s rank order correlation was used to compute reliability. Data was collected using questionnaires, observation guide and interview schedule. Descriptive statistics were presented in form of frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data was presented using theoretical descriptions. The study revealed that there are varied ventures in income generation activities that youth polytechnics are involved in. It was also found out that much of the income from IGAs is not accounted for, or there are no records kept both by the management and the staff. The polytechnics that are well endowed were producing more income than those which were less endowed. The income generated is used to improve the quality of education. However there are few production units in the polytechnics. The study recommended that Youth polytechnics should build sustainability of income generating activities such as running them as business enterprise. Vibrant production units should also be set up. This is key in increasing the income generated by the youth polytechnics.
Assessment of Cultural Aspects That Affects the Re-Entry Policy of Teenage Mothers to School in Bungoma County Kenya
(Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (SJHSS), 2018-11-30) Cherui, Rodgers; Kipkoech, Lydia; Kisilu, Kitainge
In equality in girl’s education has been a subject for many developing countries. The Kenyan government developed the policy of the re-entry of the teenage mothers to school in 2001. The policy allows teenage mothers to re-enter schools after delivery. Despite the policy being in place, very few teenage mothers have been returning to school. This study sought to find out the cultural aspects that affects the implementation of the re-entry policy of teenage mothers to school in Bungoma County. The main objective of the study was to find out the various aspects of culture that affected the re-entry policy of teenage mother to schools in Bungoma County. The critical theory by Habernes was adopted as the theoretical framework. The convergent parallel mixed method research design was used. The research population comprised of teenage mothers, student girls, head teachers, principals, Guiding and Counselling teachers, Sub County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers. The main data collection instruments were Questionnaires and Interview schedules. Questionnaires were administered to the Teenage mothers, school girls, Guidance and counselling teachers, while the interview schedule were administered to Sub County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers and head teachers. Pilot study was carried out in Trans Nzoia County. Reliability index of 0.79 was obtained. Quantitative data was coded and presented using tables and analyzed through frequency distribution and percentages. Qualitative data was organized and broken into themes synthesized to search for patterns and meaning. This study was significant for it identified various cultural factors that affected the implementation of the re-entry policy. The study revealed various cultural factors that hindered the effective implementation of the policy included, attitudes, prejudice, gender discrimination and traditional customs. There is therefore a need to address these cultural factors so as to enable these teenage mothers to reenter school.
Assessment of PTSD Levels among Adolescents Residing At Neema and Tumaini Children Homes
(International Journal of Current Research, 2018-05-25) Kuria, Jane; Tuikong, Sylvia; Mwangi, Moses
Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the levels of PTSD among adolescents living in Neema and Tumaini Children Homes in Nyandarua County, Kenya. Adolescents who are registered into Children homes are vulnerable and highly prone to PTSD. Traumatic events that are experienced by adolescents may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: To assess the levels of PTSD among Adolescents Residing at Neema and Tumaini Children Homes. Methodology: Quasi experimental research design was utilized for this study. The Population for the study consisted of 400 adolescents aged 11-17 years in the two homes. The Lemeshow et al., (1998) formula was used to calculate the sample size. A sample size of 180 from the two homes was obtained by use of purposive sampling. Out of the 180, 90 were for the experimental group (Neema), while 90 were for the control group (Tumaini). Adolescents were administered social demographic questionnaire, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for PTSD. Analysis: The collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 to compute univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The results indicated that overall mean PTSD score was 38.5 (I 7.9SD) ranging between 25 and 59 and the score was not significantly different between participants enrolled in the two homes. Results: The analysis of the study revealed that the adolescents who had mild PTSD were 51.3% and those who had moderate PTSD were 48.8%. Overall mean PTSD score was 38.5 (+ 7.9 SD). Conclusion: Adolescents in the homes have been found to suffer PTSD. The home managers should adapt therapeutic programs that help them recover and be able to live productive lives as they relate well with self, their caregivers and peers.
An assessment of the approaches employed in the management of conflicts: A case of Tana River County, Kenya
(International Journal of Current Research, 2018) Musembi, Patrick
This article sought to assess the effectiveness of the approaches employed by the various actors in the River County in Kenya. The conflict in Tana River has escalated to unparalleled armed violence with loss of life and property. Various actors have employed diverse approaches in response to the conflict and to build peace. However, in spite of these efforts the region has experienced periodic relapses into violence. The government of Kenya has utilized hard Governmental organizations and the civil society have employed fortunately, the conflict has persisted the lives of innocent people as well as property in the region. The article proved that the approaches employed in the management of the Tana River d not incorporate a comprehensive analysis of the conflict vis-à-vis structural, proximate and trigger causes of the conflict in order to understand the context of the conflict and to determine the the conflict. In addition, the article found that the entire peace building process lacked clear coordination in terms of programming, funding and the deployment of human resources. Moreover, there is need to integrate a comprehensive analysis of vis structural, proximate and trigger causes of the conflict in order to understand the structural context conflict and to inform any responses to the conflict in Tana River. There is also need for response to the conflict so as to respond to the opportunities for violence such as chronic poverty and unemployment among the youth.Qualitative research approach was adopted in this article to achieve at these assertions.
Assuring Quality in Legal Education through Action Research
(Journal of Art, Science and Commerce,, 2017) Sitati, Emmily Mugasia
The global changing landscape in higher education has resulted in the expansion of higher education from elite to mass to universal systems, new trends in teaching and learning, growth of alternative systems of education, changes in the market place and new demands and needs of society. Quality education is a dream of any economy as its socio-economic, technological, political and cultural development highly depends on the type of skilled manpower available. Assuring quality is a continuous and cyclic process which is dependent on the changing needs of the society/economy. Quality assurance in totality has challenges which can be addressed through action research for the institutions to get solutions to these challenges.
The award of the PhD degree in Kenyan universities: a quality assurance perspective
(Quality in Higher Education, 2011-08-10) Ayiro, Laban Peter
This article attempts to bring to the fore the need for enhanced quality assurance processes in the award of PhDs by Kenyan universities. The findings reveal that quality challenges exist in the institutional processes established for the award of this advanced degree across the universities in the country. It is hoped that the findings will stir debate and urge the universities to re-evaluate and revamp their quality-control systems for the award of not only the PhDs but all their other degrees and diplomas, the ultimate outcome of this effort being a quality human resource for Kenya’s socio-economic development.
Broadcast Media Stories by Standard Group Plc That Escalate or De-Escalate Electoral Violence in Kenya
(International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledgee, 2019-06-06) Halima, Rose; Musya, Justus; Simon, Muthomi
The main objective of the study was to investigate broadcast media stories by Standard Group Public Limited Company (PLC) that escalate or de-escalate electoral violence in Kenya. This study was anchored on the tenets of the Libertarian Theory and the Social Responsibility Theory. The study used a descriptive survey design. The target population in the study comprised of the 695 SG PLC employees in broadcasting department, Communication Authority of Kenya, the police, human rights groups and survivors of 2017 post election violence. The sample population of the study consisted of 139 SG PLC employees in broadcasting department, the police, Communication Authority of Kenya, human rights groups and survivors of 2017 post election violence. The study used the combination of probability and non-probability sampling methods. The study also used questionnaires and interviews as research instruments. Quantitative data was presented using charts, figures, tables, frequencies, and percentages. Qualitative data on the other hand was analyzed by content analysis. The study found that that stories on tribal clashes, hate speech by politicians, one sided stories and use of languages demeaning another group were likely to escalate violence. The study concluded that SG media stories have a positive and significant association with electoral violence reduction/increase. It was recommended that the SG group and other media groups need to screen information before being released to the public.
Challenges Faced in Implementing SPICES Model at Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
(World Journal of Medical Education and Research, 2018) Katwa, J. K; Baliddawa, J; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Kei, R
Background: The foundation of SPICES Model of teaching and learning is in its facilitation skills and resources which are vital to student learning. SPICES Model is a mode of teaching in the undergraduate medical curriculum at the Moi University College of Health Sciences. Objectives: The objective of this study was to outline the challenges facing innovative teaching and learning method at the College of Health Sciences. Methods: 274 students, 65 lecturers and 9 administrators were recruited into the study. Self-administered questionnaires with both qualitative and quantitative were used in data collection. Questionnaire utilized a five point Likert scale (1-Totaly disagree, 2-Disagree, 3- Not Sure 4-Agree and 5-Totally Agree). Cronbach’s alpha, median and inter-quartile range (IQR) was calculated in SPSS 22.P-value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review and Ethics Committee (IREC) of Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Results: 58 (23%) of students said that the program is confusing; rarely do we know what is expected of us. Others, 72 (29%) said it demands a lot from the student; while 58 (23%) hold the view that this system gives excuse to the lazy lecturers to avoid going to class to teach in the name of the students doing self-directed learning. Sixty two students (25%) think that tutorials are overcrowded. Majority of the lecturers 40 (62 %) said that SPICES Model is not improving with a large number of them 26 (40 %) saying all members of staff should be re-trained on SPICES Model of teaching and learning in order to improve it, however some of them 5(8 %) wanted SPICES Model to be abolished. There was no statistical significance between the number of years the lecturers who have been teaching and whether SPICES Model was improving or not as the p-Value ( 0.138) this result was not statistically significant at p < 0.05. Conclusions: The main challenges were the inadequate teaching and learning resources and training in SPICES Model of teaching and learning to both staff and students. There is overcrowding in all courses in the College, to mitigate on that, management should consider reducing intake until such a time that new facilities are in place. Recommendations: The college should organize annual workshops; separately for both students and lecturers to refresh on SPICES Model of teaching and learning and this will increase acceptability of this program moreover there is need to increase teaching and learning resources; such as teaching space, laboratories and library; whiteboard, LCD projectors, computers, e-books and internet connectivity and reduce intake until such a time that new facilities are in place.
The Challenges of Transitional Justice in Nigeria: Echoes from the Oputa Panel, 1999
(Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship In Africa, 2017) Zwanbin, Emmanuel
Nigeria’s return to democratic rule in 1999, set the stage for an appraisal of the many decades of obnoxious military rule and its consequent abuses. The widespread demand for accountability occasioned by the resurgence of civil society activism in Nigeria facilitated the formation of the Human Rights Violations Investigation Commission. The atmosphere led to an epoch making announcement in June 14, 1999, to constitute the Human Rights Violations Investigation Commission -- popularly known as the Oputa Panel. President Olusegun Obasanjo charged the Panel to review past authoritarian regimes and the human rights abuses for the purpose of enhancing reconciliation, national cohesion and entrenching the nascent democracy. The scope of investigation spanned from 1966 to 1999. The Commission received more than 10,000 petitions representing several cases of physical and mental torture, assassination, unlawful arrest and detention, intimidation, communal violence, and disappearances were received by the Panel. Of the total received petitions, only about 340 cases were heard. Faced with many hurdles, the commission almost halted its work. However, at the end, the Panel submitted a report of eight volumes, amounting to 15,000 pages. Findings indicated that there was gross violation of human rights perpetuated by the military ruling class. The Panel was jeopardised by the refusal of key suspects (Senior Military officers) to appear before its hearing, this was further compounded by many court injunctions to restrain the Panel. Nonetheless, the victims’ petitions were heard, to that effect, neither retributive nor restorative justice was offered to them. As tradition permits, the report will usually be published and implemented immediately. Nigerians waited patiently without recourse. Six months later, the Government of Obasanjo surprisingly annulled the report citing constitutional reasons. This research seeks to underscore the numerous challenges of truth commission as a tool for transitional justice in Nigeria with specific reflections on the Oputa panel. The research deployed qualitative method to articulate issues and intrigues that encompassed the operations and findings of the Oputa Panel. It draws attention to the underlying dangers that the unresolved violations and injustices potent for national cohesion and stability in Nigeria.
Challenges that are Significant in Affecting performance of Women in Managerial Positions in Kenyan Public Universities. A Case of Selected Universities in Kenya
(International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research(IJBMER),, 2016) Ngure, Anne; Rotumoi, Joseph; Cherui, Rodgers; Mbugua, James; Mbugua, Susan
Over the recent past the number of women managers has been on the rise. Their experiences and impact on the work place have been the subject of much discussion, investigation and theorizing. While women are joining the managerial ranks in increasing numbers, few women are managing to reach middle level management or above. Albeit this there are a number of challenges that seem to bewilder these women. Of the challenges that women face there are those that are significant. The main objective of the study was to determine the challenges that are significant and are experienced by women in managerial positions in Kenyan public universities. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The study was carried out in Three Kenyan public institutions of higher learning i.e. Kenyatta University, Nairobi University and JKUAT. The study population consisted of all women in managerial positions in all the public institutions of higher learning in Kenya. Stratified and systematic random sampling methods were used to sample the research population consisting of 15 women managers in Kenyatta University, 18 women managers in Nairobi University and 9 women managers at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. The main research instruments used was questionnaires. A statistic test was carried out using chi square to establish the important variables that affect performance, it was established that sex discrimination, stereotypes, job/family conflict, sexual harassment, unfair pressure, working experience, professional training and organizational policies are significant factors that affect performance of women managers in public universities in Kenya.
Christological Contextualization as a Parameter to Strengthen Theology Formulation and Enhance Christian Evangelization in Africa
(Africa International University,, 2021-09-14) Lee Ochieng Oduor, Peter
The quest for a contextual African Christianity is one that theological scholarship in Africa should be keen to formulate and construct if the Christian message is to gain the much-needed impact and transformational agenda that will facilitate the process of evangelization of the continent. This is because our theological discourse must be incarnational in theology and methodology. Our study endeavoursto submit a contribution in this solemn expedition through an emphasis on the necessity of a contextualized Christology that is cognizant of the African realities and heritage to make the message of Christ be at home to the indigenous African audience. This calls for a paramount understanding of the history of the African people, the African primal religions and most importantly the African culture. The Understanding of these critical issues that together construct the identity of the African will enable the presenter of the Christological message to present the person of Christ that is relevant and addresses the perennial problems that arefaced byAfrican communities. This will in the long run make the African to be persuaded to the need to establish a relationship with Christ who is to him a friend or family, Mediator or Ancestor per excellence, Life giver orHealer, and Leader per excellence. These are the realities that Africanswould be quick to identify and associate with. To accomplish this, the study observed the significance of the doctrine of Christology in the theological framework; it explored the means with which Christology was administered in Africa in the past. We were able to tackle the subject of Christological Contextualization by observing matters sources and methodology of African Christology and building on the same towards the models that are favourableto Christology in Africa
Christological Contextualization as a Parameter to Strengthen Theology Formulation and Enhance Christian Evangelization in Africa
(EAST AFRICANNATURE & SCIENCEORGANIZATION, 2021-09-14) Oduor, Peter Lee Ochieng
The quest for a contextual African Christianity is one that theological scholarship in Africa should be keen to formulate and construct if the Christian message is to gain the much-needed impact and transformational agenda that will facilitate the process of evangelization of the continent. This is because our theological discourse must be incarnational in theology and methodology. Our study endeavoursto submit a contribution in this solemn expedition through an emphasis on the necessity of a contextualized Christology that is cognizant of the African realities and heritage to make the message of Christ be at home to the indigenous African audience. This calls for a paramount understanding of the history of the African people, the African primal religions and most importantly the African culture. The Understanding of these critical issues that together construct the identity of the African will enable the presenter of the Christological message to present the person of Christ that is relevant and addresses the perennial problems that arefaced byAfrican communities. This will in the long run make the African to be persuaded to the need to establish a relationship with Christ who is to him a friend or family, Mediator or Ancestor per excellence, Life giver orHealer, and Leader per excellence. These are the realities that Africanswould be quick to identify and associate with. To accomplish this, the study observed the significance of the doctrine of Christology in the theological framework; it explored the means with which Christology was administered in Africa in the past. We were able to tackle the subject of Christological Contextualization by observing matters sources and methodology of African Christology and building on the same towards the models that are favourableto Christology in Africa.
Christological Reflections: A Biblical Perspective.
(EAST AFRICANNATURE & SCIENCEORGANIZATION, 2022-03-02) Oduor, Peter Lee Ochieng
Scholarship on Christology plays a critical role in the formulation of theology because of the central role of the question of Christ in the task of doing Theology. Christology intertwines with other doctrines in theology and is also a strong link to all the theological branches. In this regard the question of theaccurate source of our Christological formulation comes to book with our study examining the bible as an authentic primary source for Christological reflections. The study captured the wealth of resources on Christology hidden in the biblical narrative awaiting studious scholarship to unearth the fortunes therein. An appreciation of the essence of the scripture in Christological conversation will propel the discipline towards authentic and accurate Christological reflections.
Christological Reflections: A Historical Perspective
(EAST AFRICANNATURE & SCIENCEORGANIZATION, 2022-07-22) Oduor, Peter Lee Ochieng
Christological discourse holds a central place in the wider theological discourse due to the centrality of the doctrine of Christ in the establishment of the Christian message. This in effect places integral value on the task of Christological formulation if at all we intend to stabilize Christian theology. The core of the Christian message is inherent in the ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. In as much as the primary sources of Christology remains the biblical narrative, there is a significant urge for theological practitioners to supplement the biblical narrative with a well-researched historical account of the life of Christ beyond the confines of the scripture to verify authenticity and historicity of the biblical account. This calls for an industrious effort of theologians to engage historical data as an indication of the existence of Christ. Our study seeks to undertake this task and contribute to Historical and Christology scholarship by addressing the question of the historical quest of Christ. To accomplish this task, our approach will be centred on pagan testimonies, Jewish testimonies, and historical evidences from materials outside thebiblical sphere. A negligence of addressing these concepts may subject the Christian narrative to massive objection in our day and age

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