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12-month substance use disorders among first-year university students in Kenya
(PLoS ONE, 2023-11-27) Jaguga, Florence; Mathai, Muthoni; Ayuya, Caroline; Ongecha, Francisca; Musyoka, Catherine Mawia; Shah, Jasmit; Atwoli, Lukoye
Objectives The period of entry into university represents one of vulnerability to substance use for university students. The goal of this study is to document the 12-month prevalence of substance use disorders among first year university students in Kenya, and to test whether there is an association between substance use disorders and mental disorders. Methods This was a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 2019 and 2020 as part of the World Health Organization’s World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) survey initiative. A total of 334 university students completed the survey. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic characteristics of the participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between substance use disorder and mental disorders after adjusting for age and gender. Results The 12-month prevalence for alcohol use disorder was 3.3%, while the 12-month prevalence for other substance use disorder was 6.9%. Adjusting for age and gender, there was an association between any substance use disorder and major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar 1 disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, social anxiety disorder, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and non-suicidal self-injury. Conclusion These findings highlight the need to institute policies and interventions in universities in Kenya that address substance use disorders and comorbid mental disorders among first-year students.
An Assessment of the Challenges of Children in Prison with their Mothers: A Case of Langata Women Maximum Prison
(Interdisciplinary Journal on the African Child, 2018) Cheruiyot, Jane Kositany
Children growing up in prison with imprisoned mothers are faced with many challenges. The Kenyan laws allow toddlers to stay with their incarcerated mothers in prison up to the age of four. Definitely, the children who live in prison are not criminals and as such should not be subjected to any treatment and environment that reduces their human basic natural rights. It is against this backdrop that this paper assessed the challenges of children in prison with their mothers in Lang’ata Women’s Maximum Prison. Specifically, the paper assessed the social, psychological and educational challenges. The paper was intended to influence the justice system in the best interest of the child. The study used a naturalistic design which was purely qualitative in nature to collected data. The researcher purposively sampled only women with their children in the prison. The data collected was analysed using content analysis to generate qualitative report which was presented in a continuous prose and verbatim citations. The social development challenges were mostly observed. The study found out that prisoners were subjected to severe overcrowding, insufficient food supply, mothers had to share their portion with the children, poor sanitary conditions, inadequate water supply and bedding. Police and prison guards subjected prisoners to torture and inhuman treatment such as handcuffing, punishing and shouting at the mothers in front of the children causes psychological trauma to the children. It further found that there are no enough learning materials at the centre. In conclusion, whatever is done in all actions considering children, whether undertaken by private or public social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interest of the child shall be a main consideration. Both the society and the government should operationalize this fact.
The Forgotten Victims of our Correction System: The Case of Children of imprisoned parents in Kenya
(Interdisciplinary Journal on the African Child, 2019) Mutunga, Daniel
Imprisonment has been used as a means of punishment and correction since the 18th Century. Different professionals have discussed the role of imprisonment as punishment and how it has reduced crime and rehabilitated offenders, but criminologists have paid little attention to the effects of imprisonment on the children of imprisoned parents despite their magnitude. These children, whose number and condition are not well known, are referred to as “the forgotten victims of the system of punishment”. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the plight of these millions of children. Using Kenya as an example, the paper assessed the effects of imprisonment of parent offenders on the life of their children, and the readiness of the justice system and child welfare agencies to protect them. The data for this paper was collected from three government departments and an ex-prisoner, and was supplemented by secondary data from a review of relevant literature relevant. The study found that imprisonment of parents deprived children of their primary caregiver and had social, economic and psychological effects on them. The study affirmed other studies that suggested that the number and status of these children is not known and that government departments responsible for the welfare of children intervene only when the courts involve them. It further established that the departments lacked policy and capacity to attend to the plight of these children and policies to guide any needed intervention. The study recommended that, since it is hard to reconcile the punishment of offenders and the welfare of their children, legislation should be reviewed to make provision for the care of these children. There is a great need for collaborative efforts by different child welfare agencies to address gaps in services provided to prisoners’ children and for more research to expose the plight of parent offenders’ children.
The Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy On Oppositional Defiant Disorder Among Children In Selected Primary Schools In Nairobi County, Kenya
(nternational Journal of Current Research, 2018) Chang’orok, Susan; Yugi, Philemon; Waiyaki, Winnie; Munene, Alice
The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya calls for the need for proper diagnosis and effective intervention. academic performance this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two primary schools were purposely selected in Nairobi, Kenya. 315 participants between 9 provided assent and their parents provided the consent. The teachers and CADBI tool. Out of 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD, systematic sampling was applied to acquire the required sample size of 180.The experimental group received CBT intervention for three months, while the control gro using SPSS version, Descriptive statistics was done, Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23. Microsoft Excel was used in processing statistical output as well as constru data tables and graphs. Spearman’s correlation analysis, chi ODD and ADHD with risk factors was done. T test was done to compare the responses between baseline, midline and endline of the study and show the findings of the study were that overall ODD prevalence was 79%, with males having a higher prevalence than female towards the adults and peers 78.2% and 88.5% female 74.6% and 85.3% respectively. The comorbid conditio and parents respectively. Risk factors associated with ODD were; low social conflicts with parents, punishment, suspension from school, not going for counseling, friends and religion. and parents. DID showed significance difference between baseline and midline and between baseline and end line respectively (p < 0.001). Since CBT was effective in children psychologist should use this intervention in primary school and also in the hospital setting so as to prevent the children from developing other serious problems in adulthood such as antisocial personality disorde ADHD since it presents as a comorbid condition. Copyright © 2018, Susan Chang’orok et al. This is an open use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided INTRODUCTION This main purpose of this study was to evaluate cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. According to Vanden (2007), ODD is a childhood behavior disorder characterized by recurrent disobedient, negativistic, or hostile behavior toward authority figures than usually seen in children of similar age. It manifests as temper tantrums, active defiance of rules, dawdling, argumentativeness, stubbornness, or being easily annoyed. *Corresponding author: Susan Chang’orok, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya ISSN: 0975-833X DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr. Article History: Received 30th July, 2018 Received in revised form 17th August, 2018 Accepted 24th September, 2018 Published online 30th October, 2018 Citation: Susan Chang’orok, Philemon Yugi, Winnie Waiyaki, and Alice Munene Defiant Disorder among Children in Selected primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya Key Words: Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory, Efficacy, Prevalence, Comorbidity, Risk factors. RESEARCH ARTICLE THE EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY ON OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER AMONG CHILDREN IN SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA Susan Chang’orok, 2Philemon Yugi, 1Winnie Waiyaki, and 1Alice Munene Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Development Studies, Daystar University Nairobi, Kenya ABSTRACT The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya calls for the need for proper diagnosis and effective intervention. This is because of the effect it has on the child’s social functioning and academic performance as well as the economic impact it has on their families. The main purpose for this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with itional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two primary schools were purposely selected in Nairobi, Kenya. 315 participants between 9 provided assent and their parents provided the consent. The teachers and CADBI tool. Out of 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD, systematic sampling was applied to acquire the required sample size of 180.The experimental group received CBT intervention for three months, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version, Descriptive statistics was done, Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23. Microsoft Excel was used in processing statistical output as well as constru data tables and graphs. Spearman’s correlation analysis, chi-square analysis for association between ODD and ADHD with risk factors was done. T test was done to compare the responses between baseline, midline and endline of the study and show the difference in deference findings of the study were that overall ODD prevalence was 79%, with males having a higher prevalence than female towards the adults and peers 78.2% and 88.5% female 74.6% and 85.3% respectively. The comorbid condition associated with ODD was ADHD 78.3% and 47.8% teachers and parents respectively. Risk factors associated with ODD were; low social conflicts with parents, punishment, suspension from school, not going for counseling, friends and religion. Cronbalch alpha of the CADBI tool showed reliability at (α =.918 to. 890) for both teachers and parents. DID showed significance difference between baseline and midline and between baseline and end line respectively (p < 0.001). Since CBT was effective in children psychologist should use this intervention in primary school and also in the hospital setting so as to prevent the children from developing other serious problems in adulthood such as antisocial personality disorder depression and anxiety.
The Role of Community Based Organization (CBO) in Community Transformation: The Case of Lukenya Pillars of Transformation (LPT), Machakos County, Kenya
(Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Sciences, 2023-03) Korir, Agnes; Odima, Mabel
Transformation is a major post COVID 19 issue of focus for Lukenya Pillars of Transformation (LPT), a student engineered Community Based Organization (CBO). The objective of this research is to enhance visibility of the CBO through highlighting and analyzing results by two interns attached to complete their post COVID 19 response on mental health issues and impact among adolescents between the ages of 11-15 years. It is expected that the research would bring visibility for the CBO to attract funding for projects. The research utilized a descriptive research design approach. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed through the use of questionnaires and key informants. A sample size of 130 pupils filled out questionnaires and 20 key informants were interviewed on the relevant discussions that were ongoing. The pupils were selected using a census sampling method while the key informants were through purposive sampling. The quantitative data was coded and analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Qualitative data was coded and put into themes and concepts that the respondents shared, and analyzed in line with respective research objectives. From the findings, it was observed that COVID 19 lockdown affected the age group 11-15 years adversely yet mortality and morbidity were low. In the same light, some respondents did not have a clear knowledge of COVID 19. Although all pupils were affected emotionally and economically, where there was social support adaptation was positive. As a result of the findings, trainings were implemented for pupils, parents, teachers, social workers, and guardians. Funding was sought to support LPT. The study will contribute positively to applied knowledge in the area of development in Machakos County.
Risk Factors Associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder among Children in Selected Primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Elixir Social Studies 122, 2018-10) Chang’orok, Susan; Yugi, Philemon; Waiyaki, Winnie; Munene, Alice
The main purpose for this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya, the social, educational and economic impact it has on the children and their families have led for the need for proper diagnosis and effective intervention. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with oppositional defiant disorder among children. Quasi experimental research design was used in the study with a sample of 180 respondents .The study involved children aged between 9 to 14 years. Purposive sampling was used in selecting the two schools. 315 respondents completed the demographic questionnaires; the respondent’s parents also completed the socio-demographic questionnaires. Teachers and parents completed the CADBI at baseline assessment to identify those with symptoms of ODD. Systematic sampling method was applied on 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD because the number exceeded the required sample size. Risk factors associated with ODD were; religion, educational level of the respondents, conflicted relationship with parents, punishment in school, socio economic status and suspension from school, respondents whose parents were casual laborers, the level of education of the respondent’s parents. Significance was reported at p < 0.05. In conclusion, primary schools need to have professional psychologists to provide counseling services to the children presenting with ODD symptoms and devise intervention that will help in the management of ODD .This will help the children function well both socially and academically. This will also stop the progression of ODD to other mental disorders when they are adults for example; Depression, Anxiety, Antisocial Disorder which causes problems with adjustment in the community.
Effect of a Community Health Worker Led Health Education Intervention on Latrine Coverage in Mwingi West Sub-County; Kenya: A Quasi-Experiment
(American Journal of Public Health Research, 2018) Korir, Agnes; Nzioki, Mativo Japheth
It is estimated that globally 2.4 billion people still lack access to improved sanitation and 946 million still practice open defecation. Every Kenyan has a right to adequate sanitation and the government of Kenya is committed to ensure that Kenyans enjoy adequate sanitation by the year 2030. Despite this commitment, latrine coverage in many parts of Kenya is low and the result is a high prevalence of hygiene and sanitation related illnesses. In Kitui County, open defecation is high at 30.9%. The aim of this study was to assess effect of Community Healthy Strategy (CHS) on latrine coverage in Mwingi West sub county, Kitui County-Kenya. The study was a pretest-post test experiment with intervention and control sites. Mwingi West and Mwingi North sub-counties were intervention and control sites respectively. Participants in intervention site received health education on importance latrine construction and safe fecal disposal while control site did not. In each site, 1 pre-intervention and 2 post-intervention surveys were conducted with each survey having a sample size of 422 households. An observation checklist and a questionnaire were the main data collection tools. In the intervention site, CHS significantly increased latrine coverage from baseline to midterm survey and from baseline to end-term survey by 21% (Z=7.0128, P=0.0001) and 27.6% (Z=9.7189, P=0.0001) respectively. Compared to baseline, households in intervention site-midterm survey and intervention site-endterm survey were 4 times more likely to have a latrine (adj. OR: 4.356, P<0.0001, 95% CI: 2.975-6.379 and 3 times more likely to have a latrine (adj. OR: 3.391, P<0.0001, 95% CI: 2.686-4.280) respectively. No significant difference was observed on latrine coverage in the control site. CHS significantly increased latrine coverage in Mwingi West Sub-county. To declare Kenya an Open Defecation Free country and help the country meet the global sanitation related Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, county governments need to scale up implementation of CHS to cover areas which have not been covered.
Influence of Christian Mothers in Nurturing Spiritual Development of Children
(ternational Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, 2018-10) Mogute, Mary
Children are a blessing from God and a source of new life and hope for continuity in the community as documented by Mbiti (1969) that “children are buds of society, and every birth is the arrival of ‘spring’ when life shoots out and the community thrives.” This implies children are a blessing to behold by parents as well as the larger community. Their arrival brings joy, jubilations and celebrations (Kiarie, 2016) as they are ushered in to be part and parcel of the larger community. However, children come with enormous responsibilities and demands to holistically nurture their physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions of growth (Genz & Kjsebo, 2010). While all these dimensions are critical, this paper focuses on the nurturing of children’s spiritual development by their Christian mothers. This is imperative since children are spiritual beings (Miller, 2015) and they require spiritual nurture to become responsible Christians, prepared to live up to Christian standards and faith as they grow. Jesus takes children seriously, they have a special place in his kingdom (Stonehouse, 2006), hence, the need for spiritual nurture and development. It is with this understanding that the paper sought to explore the place of Christian mothers in enriching spiritual growth of their children in a world least concerned about spiritual development. The objectives of this study were to; investigate the role of Christian mothers in cultivating Christian values in their children’s lives, examine the approaches Christian mothers use in enhancing spiritual development of their children and proffer strategies that Christian mothers could utilize to promote spiritual development of their children. This study was informed by James Fowler’s theory of faith development (1081). The study adopted desk top research methodology. The findings of this study revealed that while the responsibility to nurture the spiritual development of children is a corporate responsibility in the Christian faith, it is highly influenced by mothers.
Investigating Female Children’s Rights to Family Property and Its Implication on Children’s Justice in Kisii County, Kenya
(Interdisciplinary Journal on the African Child, 2019) Mogute, Mary
his study sought to establish respondents’ perceptions on female children’s rights to access, control, inherit and own property and their implications on children’s justice in Kisii CountyKenya. The constitution of Kenya (2010) equally provides for male and female children’s rights to property inheritance which automatically culminates in legitimate ownership. This is in tandem with international and regional instruments and treaties that require male and female children to be treated equally in all spheres of life. However, in practice this has been a mirage as cultural and customary beliefs and practices override existing legal provisions that equally cushion male and female children. This realization informed this study whose objectives were to identify respondents’ perceptions on female children’s rights to access, control, inherit and own family properties and proffer strategies that could be adopted to mitigate the vulnerability of female children’s rights to property inheritance and ownership. Cross-sectional descriptive survey was used in the study with a population and target population of 1,152,282 and 292,837 people respectively. A sample of 408 respondents and 30 key informants were selected using purposive and stratified random sampling procedures. Semi-structured interview schedules and in-depth interview guides were used to collect data. Generated data was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed and the findings were that both male and female children were allowed considerable access to family property. However, as far as control, inheritance and ownership of property were concerned, male children were favoured over females. Secondly, as power and authority associated with property rights and status increased, the rights of female children to exercise and benefit from these powers and authority have diminished. The study recommends awareness creation of constitutional and other legal frameworks that promote female children’s property rights, their effective implementation and severe penalties for those who violate these provisions aimed at promoting children’s justice.
Assessing People’s Perceptions of Youth Enterprise Development Fund in Employment Creation towards Poverty Reduction in Meru, Kenya
(International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, 2018-05) Mogute, Mary
Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) is a national government program in Kenya providing financial services to unemployed youth to facilitate them initiate income generating business activities. Majority of unemployed youths are vulnerable to poverty characterized by lack of basic needs in life, and they do not have assets to serve as collateral in accessing bank loans. Therefore, the YEDF offers soft loans to enable them initiate business enterprises for employment creation and poverty reduction. The targeted youth groups are trained on entrepreneurship skills before being given the money. However, the rates of unemployment and poverty levels among youths continue to be high, indicating gaps in YEDF program. The objectives of the study were to; assess the role of YEDF in offering business start-up capital, study the role of YEDF in employment creation, and assess the efficacy of YEDF in poverty reduction. Literature on the functional role of entrepreneurship from the YEDF experience, and its role in poverty reduction was covered. The study applied mixed methods with quantitative and qualitative techniques of data collection and analysis. The population of the International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science ISSN: 2307-924X www.ijlass.org 16 study included members of the youth social groups benefitting from YEDF in Meru County, Kenya. The study found that 68 percent of respondents felt that YEDF facilitated in offering business start-up capital which enabled employment creation and poverty reduction. Therefore, the study recommended for scaling up of YEDF to help more youths access business start-up capital to initiate and manage income generating enterprises, create employment opportunities and reduce poverty. From the findings of this study, 48 percent of the respondents reported that they received YEDF loans without any form of training, hence the need for capacity building on effective utilization of these funds before they are given to the youth.
Classes of Psychotic Experiences in Kenyan Children and Adolescents
(Child Psychiatry Hum Dev., 2013) Mamah, Daniel; Owoso, Akinkunle; Mbwayo, Anne W.; Mutiso, Victoria N; Muriungi, Susan; Khasakhala, Lincoln; Barch, Deanna M; Ndetei, David
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) have been observed worldwide in both adults and children outside the context of a clinical disorder. In the current study, we investigate the prevalence and patterns of PLEs among children and adolescents in Kenya. Among 1,971 students from primary and secondary schools around Nairobi (aged 8–19), 22.1 % reported a lifetime history of a psychotic experience, and 16.3 % reported this unrelated to sleep or drugs. Psychotic experiences were more common in males compared to females. LCA resulted in a three-class model comprised of a normative class (83.3 %), a predominately hallucinatory class (Type 1 psychosis: 9.6 %), and a pan-psychotic class (Type 2 psychosis: 7.2 %). These results indicate that PLEs are prevalent in children and adolescents, and the distributions of symptom clusters are similar to that found in adulthood. The relationship of specific PLEs to the future development of psychotic disorder, functional impairment or distress will require further study.
A STUDY ON OPERATIONS AND IMPACT OF ROTATING SAVINGS AND CREDIT ASSOCIATIONS:CASE OF MIDDLE INCOME EARNERS IN EMBAKASI NAIROBI, KENYA
(Licensed under Creative Common, 2016-05-05) Cheruiyot, Peter Kimutai; Cheruiyot, Jane Kositany; Yegon, Charles Kiprotich
The study examined the operations and impact of rotating savings and credit organizations on the lives of middle income earners. Therefore, its contents covered introduction that dealt with trends research provides literature currently available on organisations and it assesses the impact of the organizations by analyzing how the members use their funds to enable them acquire financial assets, physical assets, human assets and social assets. Data from 57 groups located in Savannah Ward of Embakasi indicates that ROSCAs operations vary from group to group depending on the agreements by the members. The study indicates that ROSCAs had an impact in lives of middle income earners and it had enabled them acquire financial assets, physical assets, human assets and social assets. In addition the research also showed that the organizations also had an impact on money management since members also used the funds to meet current expenditure.
Causes of Marital Conflicts among Young Married Christian Couples in Free Pentecostal Church-Embakasi, Nairobi County, Kenya
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2021-09) Njeru, Evanson; Ireri, Niceta W.; Menecha, Jared
The high separation and divorce rates in young married Christian couples raise concerns concerning their physical and psychological parameters. This led to this study to find out the causes of marital conflicts and anxiety and depression among young married couples in Free Pentecostal Church Embakasi in Nairobi Kenya. The study was anchored on Bowen‟s family system theory. The objective that guided the study was: To find out the causes of marital conflicts among young married Christian couples. The study's target population was 600, focusing on young married Christian couples below 45 years. Therefore, the study drew a sample from the target population using Nassiuma‟s formulae to obtain a sample size of 86. The data was collected using questionnaires distributed by the researcher to the different respondents and collected after completion. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. The data was presented using charts and tables. This study recommended that the young couples should seek psychosocial support. The study results are of significant impact to Christian counselling psychologists as they deal with marital issues.
The Relationship betweenPrevalence of Marriage Conflicts andMarital Instability amongMiddle-Aged Couples in Suneka Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2021-09) Obure, Sarah; Ireri, Niceta W.; Menecha, Jared
This study sought to establish the prevalence of marriage conflicts and marital instabilityamong middle-agedcouples in Suneka, KisiiCounty. The target population of the research was 1000participants, with a focus on the middle-agedcouplesin Suneka, Kisii. The study was quantitative and employed a descriptive design. The study randomly drew a sample of 314from the target population using Yaro Yamane formulae. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire of32 items. The researcher distributed the questionnaire to the 314 respondents and after two months she went back and collected the filled questionnaires. The data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23andpresented using tables. The findings of the study revealed a positive and significant relationship between couples’ prevalence and their marital stability. The study recommendsthat married couples need help in learning how to deal with conflicts. Teaching biblical principles of marriage canreduce if not end the trend of marital instability. This would be in line with Christian beliefthat God createdman and woman and blessed their union to be a lifetime. However, as other factors may center on highly functioning marriages, quality sex life among couples is the main tributary of it (communication) to enhance the joyful and thankful relationship
African Worldview: An Integrated Psychological Perspective
(International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 2015-05) Ayuya, Caroline; Ireri, Niceta W.; Kimani, Irene; Mathenge, Justus; Muriithi, Judith; Otieno, Rose
Christian scholars are constantly confronting the new challenges of a relentlessly changing intellectual environment including postmodernism amongst others; challenges of integration in the practice of Psychology and how Christian scholars need to integrate the ever-changing intellectual scholarly world their practice, research and scientific inquiry. It is in this context that this paper will first scan the overview of Psychology in Africa. The paper will also look at application of Africa Psychology in Clinical scientific inquiry and practice. It will in addition outline Integration of Christianity and Psychology and finally as it scans the horizons of African worldviews in relation to integrating African world views in Psychological Scientific inquiry.
Association between Anxiety Disorders and Socio-Demographic Characteristics among School Going Children in Nairobi, Kenya
(International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 2019-12) Mathenge, Justus; Ayuya, Caroline; Ongaro, Kennedy; Khasakhala, Lincolin
The purpose of this study was determine association between Anxiety Disorder and Socio-demographic characteristics among School going children in Nairobi, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive study design utilizing purposeful sampling frame.The sample size of 92 was drawn from classes 3 to 7 at Our Lady Queen of Peace and Amani primary schools. Data was collected using a self-administered Socio-demographic and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) – Child Version. Findings indicated that the socio-demographic characteristics; 50% of the respondents’ parents were not living together with a significant number of the pupils living with their single mother compared to single fathers. Half of the respondents were from very poor socio-economic background as depicted by materials used in constructing houses their family lived-in (mud 2.7%, 8.0% wooden materials and 37.1% iron sheets) and source of water for domestic use, where 31.7% drew water from a common tab outside their houses.
Can Education System be Repaired? Ideological Dearth in Kenya’s Educational Practice and its Implications for Reforms in the Education Sector
(Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2013-05) Amukowa, Wycliffe; Gunga, O. Samson; Ayuya, Caroline
This paper confronts two issues; reforms (repairs) and ideology in education. Machines can be repaired any time they breakdown or develop defects. Educational reforms have been carried out any time an emerging need has to be confronted. Can these education reforms be seen as repairing an education system? Ideology on the other is a coherent system of ideas; relying upon a few basic assumptions about reality that may or may not have any factual basis, but are subjective choices that serve as the seed around which further thought grows. When traditional societies began to undergo changes, the ritualistic legitimization of education gave way to a new type of legitimization - the ideological legitimization of education. The latter has two attributes: one involves the appearance of people’s recognition of their right to choose the type of education that suits their tastes, values, aims and understanding. In view of this new realization, they no longer feel obliged to the accepted education only because it is the accepted type. The second attribute requires the simultaneous existence of several conceptions of education, from which one may choose the type of education suitable to one's needs. This paper searches into the possibility that there are no longer ideologies necessary to guide educational practice in Kenya, thereby raising concerns over education relevance.
Leveraging Science, Technology and Innovation for National Development in the Light of the Emerging Universities of Science and Technology in Kenya
(Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2013-05) Amukowa, Wycliffe; Ayuya, Caroline
It is recognized that effective leveraging of science, technology and innovation is essential for wealth creation in all nations. Science, Technology and Innovation is also a key component of social integration, sustainable development and poverty eradication based on equity, freedom, justice, governance, peace and prosperity. At the international level, science, technology and innovation act as a tool of international co-operation and solidarity. It is useful for provision of knowledge and information as well as facilitating globalization with human development while concomitantly strengthening national governance and acting as a vector of common heritage, international cooperation and solidarity. Appropriate Science, Technology and Innovation policy is key to the production, distribution and use of knowledge and information. This paper endeavours to underscore how the continued growth of universities of science and technology could steer Kenya’s economic growth among other priority areas as outlined by the government.
Prevalence and Correlation of Anxiety Disorders among Primary School Children in Nairobi, Kenya
(International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 2019-12) Mathenge, Justus; Ayuya, Caroline; Ongaro, Kennedy; Khasakhala, Lincolin
The purpose of this study was establish the prevalence of anxiety disorders among primary school going children in Nairobi, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive study design utilizing purposeful sampling frame. The sample size of 224 was drawn from classes 3 to 7 at Our Lady Queen of Peace and Amani Primary Schools. Data was collected using a self-administered Socio-demographic and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) – Child Version. Findings showed the prevalence of anxiety disorders was extremely high (80.8%) and were comorbid as is shown by positive correlation coefficient (r) p< 0.001 between the types of anxiety disorders. For specific anxiety disorders prevalence were: 66.5% had panic disorder, 56.3% generalized anxiety disorder, 81.7% separation anxiety disorder, 61.2% social anxiety disorder and 30.4% significant school avoidance. This study therefore shows that children’s mental health in an African cultural and environmental context wanting. These study findings can go a long way in helping the authorities concerned with health services to appreciate the need for a concerted effort in the formulation of policies and the need to provide resources to enhance mental health services in children attending primary school.
The 21st Century Educated African Person and the Loss of Africans’ Educational Identity: Towards an Afro Education Model
(Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2013-03) Amukowa, Wycliffe; Ayuya, Caroline
Africa like other parts of the world strongly believes in the axiom of education per excellence, that is, African nations share in the vision of education as a pivot for social change and integrated development. However review of literature shows a discontent from some African scholars over the practice of Western formal education on the Continent of Africa. This discontent stems from the belief that Western formal education destroys Africa; resulting into the loss of Africans’ educational identity, underdevelopment, moral decadence and cultural erosion. Several concerns emerge in the light of this discontent: 1).What is Education? 2).Who is an educated person? 3) Who is responsible for Africans loss of educational identity? This paper engages a critical appraisal and review of this discontent with the intentions of arriving at an understanding of the 21st Key Words: Africa, Colonialism, Culture, Development, Education, European, Schooling Century educated African Person and proposes an educational model for Africa in this regard.

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