Browsing by Author "Ongaro, Kennedy"
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Item Association between Anxiety Disorders and Socio-Demographic Characteristics among School Going Children in Nairobi, Kenya(International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 2019-12) Mathenge, Justus; Ayuya, Caroline; Ongaro, Kennedy; Khasakhala, LincolinThe purpose of this study was determine association between Anxiety Disorder and Socio-demographic characteristics among School going children in Nairobi, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive study design utilizing purposeful sampling frame.The sample size of 92 was drawn from classes 3 to 7 at Our Lady Queen of Peace and Amani primary schools. Data was collected using a self-administered Socio-demographic and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) – Child Version. Findings indicated that the socio-demographic characteristics; 50% of the respondents’ parents were not living together with a significant number of the pupils living with their single mother compared to single fathers. Half of the respondents were from very poor socio-economic background as depicted by materials used in constructing houses their family lived-in (mud 2.7%, 8.0% wooden materials and 37.1% iron sheets) and source of water for domestic use, where 31.7% drew water from a common tab outside their houses.Item Difference in Anger Expression in Boys and Girls in Secondary School Students in Nakuru County, Kenya(African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018) Menecha, Jared; Munene, Alice; Ongaro, KennedyDifferences in anger expression and anger control across gender are a crucial issue that needs to be addressed to understand why the emotional and behavioral patterns of boys and girls are different in secondary schools. Prior studies have pointed out that there are no major differences in anger expression and anger control between boys and girls. This study examined whether there were differences in anger expression and control between 50 boys and 50 girls assigned either to an experimental group which was exposed to a Mindfulness Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for a period of 10 weeks, or a control group which continued with Therapy As Usual for the same period. The findings indicated that there were differences in anger expression and control between boys and girls.Item Gender Dynamics in Participatory Fish-Farming toward Sustainable Community Development in Kisii County, Kenya(International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research (IJSTER), 2018-10) Ongaro, KennedyMainstreaming gender equity in participatory fish-farming is important in the attainment of protein food security, reducing poverty and improving food security in Kisii County. There are various permanent rivers in Kisii County, but fish farming was not commonly practiced as the alternative source of the traditional protein food. People depended on fishing from the common water bodies accessible from their neighborhood, which was limited. The study was based on the problem whose statement was that women and the poor people lacked an enabling environment for participatory fish-farming toward protein-food security and sustainable community development in Kisii County. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: 1. Assess gender dynamic-issues in participatory fish-farming toward food security and sustainable community development in Kisii County; 2). Examine ways of building women’s capacity to strengthen participatory fish farming in Kisii County; and 3). Explore ways to increase monitoring, evaluation and responsiveness in gender-based participatory fish farming in Kisii County. Literature relating to gender equality and community capacity building for participatory fish farming was reviewed. The study used descriptive survey method, and used purposive cluster sampling method to select 160 respondents out of the population of the study. The study findings revealed that fish farming as an alternative source of protein food has the potential of safeguarding food security in the face of climate change challenges. But fish farming was administered under the public department of fisheries, and the method used was mostly top-down approach of disseminating information for improved fish farming. Therefore, there was room to promote gender-based participatory fish farming toward food security and sustainable development in Kisii County. The study recommended that the leaders need to develop and implement a policy guide to promote participatory fish farming, including participation of women and poor household members in decision making, management and improvement of fish farming. Women and the vulnerable members of the society also need to be ready and willing to be empowered to participate in fish farming as alternative source of protein food.Item Prevalence and Correlation of Anxiety Disorders among Primary School Children in Nairobi, Kenya(International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 2019-12) Mathenge, Justus; Ayuya, Caroline; Ongaro, Kennedy; Khasakhala, LincolinThe purpose of this study was establish the prevalence of anxiety disorders among primary school going children in Nairobi, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive study design utilizing purposeful sampling frame. The sample size of 224 was drawn from classes 3 to 7 at Our Lady Queen of Peace and Amani Primary Schools. Data was collected using a self-administered Socio-demographic and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) – Child Version. Findings showed the prevalence of anxiety disorders was extremely high (80.8%) and were comorbid as is shown by positive correlation coefficient (r) p< 0.001 between the types of anxiety disorders. For specific anxiety disorders prevalence were: 66.5% had panic disorder, 56.3% generalized anxiety disorder, 81.7% separation anxiety disorder, 61.2% social anxiety disorder and 30.4% significant school avoidance. This study therefore shows that children’s mental health in an African cultural and environmental context wanting. These study findings can go a long way in helping the authorities concerned with health services to appreciate the need for a concerted effort in the formulation of policies and the need to provide resources to enhance mental health services in children attending primary school.Item Prevalence of Conduct Disorder among Adolescents in Secondary Schools: A Case of Kamukunji and Olympic Mixed Sub-County Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya(African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2017) Gitonga, Monica; Muriungi, Susan; Ongaro, Kennedy; Omondi, M.Conduct disorder (CD) is a behavioral emotional mental disorder associated with a host of negative and social outcomes among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of CD and establish the relationship between CD and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The study adopted a cross-sectional study design. Cluster and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 611 participants out of the 840 study population in the two sites. Data was collected by administering a socio-demographic questionnaire (SDQ) and a standardized conduct disorder scale (CDS). Measures of central tendencies, bivariate and multivariate analysis were computed using SPSS version 21. The key findings of the study were that overall CD prevalence was 31.4%, with males having a higher prevalence than females p=0.009, CD increased with respondents’ age (p=0.008), religion significantly impacted on CD prevalence either as a precipitating or as a protective factor (p=0.041). CD being a behavioral emotional disorder and the prevalence being this significantly high call for appropriate psychological interventions. Based on the findings, the study recommends capacity building of principals and teachers so as to be able to identify CD tendencies among students. Further, the study suggests effective treatment for CD in order to help curb the emergence of CD among the students while reducing the burden of disease on parents of affected adolescents, the school and the community.Item Treating Complicated Grief among Orphaned Children in Kenya: Effectiveness of Complicated Grief Therapy(Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2020) Ngesa, Maureen O.; Tuikong, Sylvia; Ongaro, KennedyComplicated Grief (CG) also referred to as complicated bereavement is a clinically significant condition even though there is limited evidence on its prevalence and treatment in Kenya and Africa in general. The main aim of this 2019 study was to test the efficacy of a modified Complicated Grief Therapy (CGT) in treating complicated grief (CG) among orphaned children. A total of 426 orphaned children aged 10 - 15 years were screened using the Brief Grief Questionnaire to sample those with elevated grief scores. Of the 263 who met the criteria, only 241 participants fully participated in the six months study with 123 and 118 participants in the treatment and the control groups respectively. The treatment group was subjected to a shortened version of the CGT (12 weeks) while no treatment was offered to the control group. The prevalence of grief among orphaned children was 66% and using the Inventory for Complicated Grief, to determine the clinical levels, a mean grief score of 31.6 (SD = 9.52) was recorded. The reduced version of CGT was effective in the reduction of complicated grief symptoms t(122) = −15.79, p < 0.001 at a weekly reduction of 1.29 points. In the case of the control group, the paired sample test showed a statistically insignificant reduction of CG score, t(117) = −0.712, p = 0.478. Conclusions: Reducing CGT sessions 12 sessions to make it shorter and less stringent and using it as group therapy in a school setup did not interfere with its effect on the treatment of complicated grief among orphaned children.