Sexual Education and Its Influence on Sexual Behaviours among Adolescents in Kenya

Abstract

This study explored the influence of sexual education on adolescents’ sexual behaviors in Ndhiwa Sub County, Kenya. The objectives were to assess the current state of sexual education among adolescents, identify factors contributing to risky sexual behaviors and determine the relationship between sexual education and engagement in such behaviors. The study was guided by the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Ecological model of Adolescent behavior. The study applied a mixed methods design. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 360 adolescents, while qualitative data were obtained through semi structured interviews with 10 educators. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression models, while qualitative data were examined thematically to identify emerging patterns and insights. Findings revealed that 78.9% of adolescents who participated in the study had received some form of sexual education. However, content delivery was inconsistent and often limited to topics like HIV and abstinence, with inadequate attention to consent, relationships, and emotional well being. Risky sexual behaviors were reported among 41% of respondents, including condom non use (11.7%), multiple partners (12.8%), and transactional sex (8.3%). A composite RSB score showed that while the majority exhibited low risk behavior, a vulnerable minority engaged in multiple risky practices. Statistical analysis demonstrated a strong inverse relationship between sexual education and RSB, with significant differences in RSB scores between adolescents who received sex education and those who did not (t = 4.519, p < .001). Regression analysis confirmed that sex education exposure significantly predicted lower RSB engagement (β = 0.204, p < .001). Qualitative data reinforced these findings, revealing that supportive environments, resource availability, and cultural attitudes influenced delivery and outcomes. The study concluded that comprehensive, early, and contextually relevant sexual education is essential in reducing adolescent vulnerability to sexual health risks and recommends scaling up structured programs in both school and community settings.