Assessing Impact of Thermal Stress in Poultry Production in the Tropics

Abstract

Temperature regulation is crucial in poultry production, directly influencing bird health, productivity, and survival. This study investigates the relationship between temperature fluctuations and mortality rates and egg production in poultry farming systems. Sudden changes in ambient temperature, particularly in semi-arid and tropical regions, were observed to significantly increase stress levels in birds, leading to higher incidences of disease, reduced feed intake, and elevated mortality rates. Data were collected over a 7-month period from broiler and layer units, monitoring temperature variations, bird behavior, and mortality records. Results indicate that extreme heat or cold spells especially during the brooding and finishing stages correlated with noticeable spikes in bird mortality. Broilers were found to be more vulnerable to temperature stress compared to layers, particularly in deep litter systems with poor ventilation. Fluctuation in temperatures accounted to up to 36.4% mortality rate in broiler chicks during brooding. High temperatures reduced egg production by 41.70% and caused 35% eggs to get spoiled after 7 days. Conversely, consistent temperature control through proper housing, ventilation, and brooding management significantly reduced mortality rates. The findings underscore the importance of climate control and early-warning systems in poultry production, particularly in areas prone to temperature extremes. Incorporating adaptive climate-smart practices can improve flock survival, productivity, and overall resilience under changing climate conditions.