Effect of Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning (MEAL) Practices on Project Performance of the Integrated Housing Projects in Laikipia County, Kenya

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning (MEAL) practices on the performance of the Integrated Housing Project implemented by Habitat for Humanity Kenya (HFHK) in Laikipia County, Kenya. MEAL practices constitute a core pillar of evidence-based project management, yet their specific influence on housing project performance in rural NGO-led contexts in Kenya remains underexplored.A descriptive case study design was adopted targeting 128 respondents drawn from HFHK project staff, community beneficiaries, and local government representatives. A census approach was used given the manageable population size. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression analysis were employed. Diagnostic tests for normality (Shapiro-Wilk), multicollinearity (VIF), linearity (Ramsey RESET), and homoscedasticity (Breusch-Pagan) confirmed that all regression assumptions were satisfied before inferential analysis was conducted. MEAL practices had a strong, positive, and statistically significant effect on project performance (β = 0.602, p < 0.05). The regression model explained 36.2% of the variance in project performance (R² = 0.362, Adjusted R² = 0.355, F = 57.891, p < 0.05). Descriptive findings (Mean = 3.95, SD = 0.83) confirmed that systematic data collection, performance monitoring, lesson learning, and accountability mechanisms were consistently applied throughout the project. Among all MEAL dimensions, regular data collection and use of a clear monitoring framework recorded the highest agreement scores. Development organizations implementing integrated housing and community development projects should institutionalize MEAL as a core management practice rather than a peripheral compliance function. Systematic tracking, adaptive learning, and stakeholder feedback loops enhance coordination, responsiveness, accountability, and ultimately project performance