Exploring Sustainable Filmmaking in Kenya: Knowledge, Perceptions, and Adoption

Abstract

The global film industry is increasingly focused on reducing its environmental impact. However, existing research and sustainable practices are centered on Western film industries, creating a significant knowledge gap regarding the realities and potential for sustainability in emerging film economies like Kenya. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring Kenyan filmmakers’ knowledge and perceptions on sustainable filmmaking as well as drivers, barriers, and opportunities for adopting sustainable filmmaking practices within the Kenyan film industry. The research employed a qualitative-exploratory design. Data was collected from a population of Kenyan filmmakers in Nairobi through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and document analysis for data triangulation. The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis techniques supported by NVivo 15 software. The study revealed that sustainable practices are often implemented accidentally, driven by economic necessity rather than environmental intent, a concept termed "budget-induced sustainability." A major barrier is the perception of comprehensive sustainability as an unaffordable luxury, compounded by a significant infrastructure gap and a critical disconnect between proposed national policies and their on-the-ground implementation. Despite these challenges, the study identified strong opportunities for change, including the potential of financial incentives, a generational shift in awareness among younger filmmakers, and the strategic use of international co-productions for knowledge transfer. The study concludes that a systemic approach, which leverages existing practical knowledge and addresses policy implementation, is essential for transitioning the Kenyan film industry toward intentional sustainability.