The Role of Empowerment Programs in the Livelihoods of Women in Sholinke/Olosirikon Ward, Kajiado East Sub – County- Kajiado County, Kenya

Abstract

This study sought to explore the role of empowerment programs in the livelihoods of women in Sholinke/Oloosirikon Ward, Kajiado East Sub County, Kenya. The research was guided by four specific objectives: to identify the types of empowerment programs accessible to women, to explore the nature of women's participation, to analyse the perceived effects on their livelihoods, and to propose strategies for enhancing long-term impact. A qualitative research approach, underpinned by a phenomenological design, was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the women's lived experiences. The target population comprised women beneficiaries and facilitators of empowerment programs in the ward. A sample of 34 participants, including 17 for in-depth interviews, 13 for a focus group discussion, and 4 key informants, was selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, a focus group discussion, and key informant interviews, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that programs, such as vocational training and beadwork cooperatives, enhanced women's self-confidence, financial literacy, and agency in household decision-making by providing skills and supplementary income. However, the study identified significant structural barriers, including deeply ingrained patriarchal norms, a critical lack of startup capital, poor infrastructure, and insufficiently sustained mentorship, which collectively limited the programs' long-term efficacy. The study concluded that while empowerment programs are vital for socio-economic improvement, their transformative potential is constrained by systemic challenges. It recommended a multi-stakeholder approach that integrates the county government for policy and infrastructural support, NGOs for sustained funding and mentorship, and community leaders to address cultural norms, thereby ensuring programs are participatory, culturally sensitive, and structurally supported for sustainable impact.