Assessment of Psychological Well-Being and Coping Strategies among Caregivers of Children on The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Study at Differently Talented Society of Kenya, Nairobi County, Kenya

Abstract

The study evaluated the psychological well-being and coping strategies of caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) within the Differently Talented Society of Kenya (DTSK) in Nairobi County. Recognising that caregivers of children with ASD face significant challenges that can affect their mental health, the research aimed to understand their psychological well-being and coping mechanisms to inform the development of targeted interventions and support programs. DTSK, a parent-led psychosocial support organisation, brings together caregivers of children on the ASD spectrum. The study examined the coping strategies employed by these caregivers and identified correlations between their psychological well-being and coping methods. The literature review explored various factors influencing caregivers' well-being, including the severity of ASD symptoms, the availability of social support networks, and access to resources and services. It also highlighted common coping strategies such as problem-focused and emotion-focused approaches, religious/spiritual coping, and seeking social support. Additionally, the review identified gaps in existing research, particularly the limited attention to cultural variations in caregiving and the need for longitudinal studies on caregivers' well-being. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data using standardized measures like Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales (PWB) and the Brief COPE Inventory, alongside interviews. Participants included caregivers, therapists, and teachers of children with ASD aged 3 to 18 years. The findings of the study contribute to the growing body of literature on caregiver well-being in the context of ASD and the findings were also intended to guide the development of interventions and support services that enhance caregivers' psychological well-being and promote effective coping strategies.