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The potential of the extracts of Tagetes minuta Linnaeus (Asteraceae), Acalypha fruticosa Forssk (Euphorbiaceae) and Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. (Compositae) against Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu Lemaire (Diptera: Psychodidae), the vector for Leishmania major Yakimoff and Schokhor
(Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 0201-09) Ireri, Laban N.; Kongoro, Jedida; Ngure, Peter Kamau; Mutai, Charles; Langat, Bernard; Tonui, Willy; Kimutai, Albert; Mucheru, Obadiah
Background & objectives: Harmful effects of synthetic chemical insecticides including vector resistance, environmental pollution and health hazards have necessitated the current significance in the search for plant-based insecticide products that are environmentally safe and effective to leishmaniases control. The insecticidal activity of Tagetes minuta Linnaeus (Asteraceae), Acalypha fruticosa Forssk (Euphorbiaceae) and Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. (Compositae) extracts were investigated against Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu Lemaire (Diptera: Psychodidae). Methods: The extracts were prepared from dried aerial parts soaked in methanol and ethyl acetate twice until the filtrates became clear, filtered and dried out by rotary evaporation at 30–35oC. The solid extracts obtained were later prepared into 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml. Two millilitres of the solutions were blotted on filter papers, which were dried overnight and placed into jars where adult sandflies were aspirated. Males and females were assayed separately. Results & conclusion: The extracts had significant mortality (p<0.05) in both males and females bioassays but were not significantly different between sexes. The extracts of Acalypha fruticosa and Tagetes minuta had significantly higher mortality rates than those of Tarchonanthus camphoratus and the different concentrations used showed significantly different mortality rates and 10 mg/ml was the most effective concentration. Cent percent mortality was obtained at 96 h of exposure to 5 and 10 mg/ml concentrations except for Tarchonanthus camphoratus which had a mortality of only 46.7% in 10 mg/ml bioassay. These extracts were found to be insecticidal to adult sandflies.
Mountain Climbing with asthmatic children: an examination of the physiological working capacity including peak flow measurements and telemetric ECG-monitoring.
(Int. J. Sports Med., 1988) Wekesa, Moni; Langhof, H; Sack, P
We investigated the intensity of exercise in the asthma six-minute provocation test (ASMT) for asthmatic patients and mountain climbing. Six asthmatic boys with mean age 11.7 +/- 2.1 years and mean weight 44.5 +/- 13.2 kg participated in this study. HR, FEV1 and RR values were recorded. In both forms of exercise, the participants achieved intensities of over 160 beats/min. EIA was diagnosed in five of them after the SSMT. There was not much variability in the PEFR values observed during mountain climbing. The rise in systolic pressure was within normal. The echocardiogram (ECG) was not pathologic. Further investigations are required to establish the suitability of mountain climbing as an appropriate form of sport for asthmatics.
Fundamental Rights and Freedoms in Kenya
(Oxford University Press., 1990) Kibwana, Kivutha
An Introduction to the Legio Maria
(Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology, 1991) Kombo, James Owino; Moreau, Scott
The Legio Maria movement is the largest African-initiated church to have broken from Catholicism in Africa. It is an offshoot of the Legion of Mary, a Catholic lay or) Organisation from Ireland, established in Kenya in 1936. The moverne11t 's leaders use the name "Maria Legio" rather than the actual name "Legio Maria" A survey in 1969 showed that 10% of the members had formerly been Roman Catholics in good standing, 10% former Protestants, about 40% lapsed, nominal or would-be Catholics, and about 40% were pagans before joining. Ondeto is recognised as the spiritual head, Baba Mtakatifu, the special representative of Jesus Christ, with Pope Atila as second-in-command .... The church combines Luo tradition and culture with conservative Roma n Catholicism including retention of Latin in the mass
Women and the Constitution in Kenya
(Verfassung Und Recht in Übersee, 1992) Kibwana, Kivutha
HIV / AIDS and the law in Kenya: preliminary observations
(Institute of Development Studies, 1992) Kibwana, Kivutha
Kenyan team care at the Special Olympics -1991
(British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1992) Wekesa, Moni; Onsongo, J.
The Kenyan team that competed at the International Summer Special Olympics comprised 38 athletes (both men and women) selected from all competitors at the national championships. The team was examined and a physiological fitness test carried out. The results enabled the organizers to arrange for treatment of prevailing illnesses, and the training programme was adjusted to the athletes' level. This team was voted the best team of the month of July, having won 33 gold, three silver and two bronze medals. Sound medical care of athletes should be taken before and during competition. Such management should aim at minimizing injuries and enabling athletes to perform at their best.
Law and the Status of Women in Kenya: the Example of Laikipia District
(Institute for Development Studies, 1992) Kibwana, Kivutha
This paper explores the question: how does law affect women's participation in development in Kenya generally and Laikipia District in particular within the framework of economic, social, cultural and related factors. Thus it seeks to determine the nature extent and impact of gender discrimination against women from a legal stand-point. Through field data obtained in Laikipia, three types of legal constraints - constraints emanating from legal sanction, ineffectual law and legal lacunae which undermine women's participation in development are identified. Finally, a reform agenda is proposed. In the paper, an attempt is made to examine the legal problems encountered by: : women en masse : upper and middle class women : peasant and working class women (working women) due to a) general exploitation of working class people in a capitalist system b) exploitation and discrimination by upper and middle class men and women c) exploitation and discrimination by oppressed and exploited spouse or "boy-friend" and his relatives. It is concluded, inter alia, that because women in both rural and urban settings hardly have land rights, credit, employment or business opportunities, their independent contribution to free enterprise development is significantly curtailed. Further women's participation in development would be enhanced if there was a guarantee of personal access to the fruits of their labour. By distancing women from the means of production and the products of their labour, society pays by having a lower level of development than would otherwise occur.
Exercise-induced Asthma (EIA) After Walking: a Case Report
(East African Medical Journal, 1992-08) Wekesa, Moni
A case in which exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was provoked at an intensity of less than 100 beats/min is discussed. EIA was provoked by a 12-minute walk test. Earlier tests using walking on other subjects had not produced such a result. It is therefore vital to teach asthmatics to monitor their pulmonary response at regular intervals to avert serious attacks in activities of daily living
Women's Initiatives in Kenya's Democratization:Capacity Building and Participation in the December 1992 Multi-party General Elections
(Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies, 1993) Nzomo, Maria; Kibwana, Kivutha
Enhancing Co-operation among African Law Schools: Comparative Law Studies within the African Context
(Centre for Human Rights, 1993) Kibwana, Kivutha
The Performance of Top Kenyan Referees and Linesmen on the Cooper Test
(1993-05) Wekesa, Moni; Asembo, J. M.
Preparation and Medical Care of the Kenya National Hockey Team at the Fifth Africa Cup of Nations Championships
(East African medical Journal, 1993-11) Wekesa, Moni; Asembo, J. M.; Njororai, W. W.
A team of 25 top Kenyan male hockey players preparing for the fifth Africa Cup of Nations Championships was tested before and after seven weeks of training. At the end of the training, 16 of them were selected into the National team. The illnesses and injuries of the team members were documented using the Wekesa Protocol Sheet. The Asembo Hockey Fitness test was used to evaluate fitness. There was a significant decrease in the heart rate after training (p < 0.01). The sum of the recovery pulse decreased from 550.92 +/- 46.90 to 498.88 +/- 44.06 (p < 0.001). A significant (p < 0.01) improvement in the time taken to perform the test (before: 814.08 +/- 126.08 sec; after: 715.0 +/- 92.78 sec) was established. During training and the championship matches a total of seven illnesses occurred. There were no serious injuries, the commonest being contusions (70%), and lacerations (15%). The lower part of the body below the hips was more affected by injuries (60%) than the upper. The results of the fitness test confirm the commonly held view in sports medicine regarding morphological and functional adaptations due to training. The injuries recorded appear to be characteristic of hockey
The Effect of a Three Week Sports Training Programme on the Coordinative Ability of Asthmatic Children
(East African Medical Journal, 1993-11) Wekesa, Moni; Langhof, H
We set out to evaluate the coordinative ability of asthmatic children and to find out how this component of physical fitness is affected by a training programme of a short duration. Seventeen asthmatic children participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 9.0 to 14.5 years. Their mean weight (+/- SD) was 44.89 +/- 14.94 kg and mean height (+/- SD) was 153.21 +/- 9.92 cm. Coordination was measured using the Body Coordination Test for Children (BCTC) developed by Kiphard and Schilling in 1974. The subjects participated three times a week in a sports programme. The results were analysed using the Wilcoxon test for dependent variables and regression analysis. We noted a significant improvement at the end of the training programme (p < 0.05), although there was no correlation between attendance and improvement in performance. Our results do not support the general view that asthmatics are unfit. We concluded that asthmatic children are not generally unfit, and that their coordinative ability can be improved within a relatively short time of training.
A Church’s Responsibility to Support Its Pastor
(Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology, 1994) Boyo, Bernard
0ne of the issues facing the Mrican church is that of adequate salaries for pastors. Not all churches give their pastors sufficient payment. I think, for example, of the Mrica Inland Churches of Nyandarua, Kenya where churches have failed to adequately meet their obligations in supporting the pastors financially. Insufficient support has brought about numerous problems that have affected the church's ministry in Nyandarua. The monthly salary given to a "full-time" pastor is too little compared to the needs that he has for his sustenance and that of his family. Consequently, most pastors have sought outside jobs, such as farming, in order to earn adequate income. In effect, the church suffers from "spiritual malnutrition" because pastors cannot give their full attention to the ministry. The pastor's divided effort causes alack of spiritual nurture and lack of church growth.
Women and Autonomy in Kenya: Law Reform and the Quest for Gender Equality
(Centre for Law and Research International, 1994) Kibwana, Kivutha; Owiti, Okech
Good Governance and Accountability in Kenya : The Next Step Forward
(Claripress Ltd., 1994) Owiti, Okech; Kibwana, Kivutha
The Asthma Six-minute Provocation Test and Mountain Climbing in Children
(1994-01) Wekesa, Moni; Langhof, H; Sack, P
We investigated the intensity of exercise in the asthma six-minute provocation test (ASMT) for asthmatic patients and mountain climbing. Six asthmatic boys with mean age 11.7 +/- 2.1 years and mean weight 44.5 +/- 13.2 kg participated in this study. HR, FEV1 and RR values were recorded. In both forms of exercise, the participants achieved intensities of over 160 beats/min. EIA was diagnosed in five of them after the SSMT. There was not much variability in the PEFR values observed during mountain climbing. The rise in systolic pressure was within normal. The echocardiogram (ECG) was not pathologic. Further investigations are required to establish the suitability of mountain climbing as an appropriate form of sport for asthmatics.
The African Development Crisis
(Indiana University Press, 1995) Stryker, Richard; Ndegwa, Stephen
Women and autonomy in Kenya: policy and legal framework
(Claripress Ltd, 1995) Kibwana, Kivutha

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