Browsing by Author "Wanjigi, Jimi R."

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    Leadership training programs/models, inter-ethnic conflict resolution and the youth
    (International Journal of Leadership and Governance, 2022) Mbutu, Paul Mutinda; Wanjigi, Jimi R.
    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss the various models/programs used in leadership training in the context of inter-ethnic conflict resolution and how those models can be used by NGOs in training the youth. From their many years of practice and experience in training, both Paulo Freire and John Paul Lederach propose training models that are suitable and effective in leadership training in inter-ethnic conflict resolution situations. The two approaches to training which Lederach (1995) refer to as the prescriptive and the elicitive, should be understood as analytic models, or as Weber would call them, “ideal types” (Weber 1947). Paulo Freire talks about progressive education training. In other words, in real life the exact, pure model of either type may not exist. And that is the premise this paper is built on. Methodology: Using a quantitative study approach, this study describes the different leadership training programs that have been used with relevance to the culture and needs of the youth in Kenya in inter-ethnic conflict resolution. It presents an overview of ten case studies of leadership training programs and draws from them to illustrate how leadership training programs in inter-ethnic conflict resolution for the youth can be designed and conducted to communicatively transfer knowledge and skills to help the youth in social and behavioral change and become sources of change agents in the communities they live. Findings: The study attempts to give various definitions of key terms and concepts used in leadership and conflict resolution discourses. Results in the ten cases, demonstrated there was some notable divergence in terms of topics covered in each program, but that means that the difference came about because of the different target needs and issues each program tried to address. Results showed that almost all (80%) of the training programs were evaluated. Some of the training bodies had their own biases in covering topics. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy:The researchers considers these models of leadership training and how they can be communicatively used to transfer knowledge and skills in inter-ethnic conflict resolution and bring about social or behavioral change among the youth. Design theory informs how these training programs are designed, planned, implemented, and evaluated.
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    Many are Crying, “Who Will Show Us Any Good?” – Voices of December 2007 Post-Election Violence Victims in Kenya
    (Journal of Public Policy and Administration, 2022) Mbutu, Paul Mutinda; Wanjigi, Jimi R.
    Purpose: This study analyzes and brings to light the voices of the victims who suffered particularly the socio-economic effects of the 2007 December violence and land clashes that took place in Kenya. During the 2007 December violence and land clashes, women, children and men were affected differently by the conflict, with women and children suffering most of the effects such as death, physical injuries and insufficient resources to take care of their basic needs. Consequently, as women experienced the immediate consequences of the conflict, they were the first to receive humanitarian assistance from international Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) like the Red Cross and a few indigenous ones. The voices of the victims narrating the violence they went through and the trauma they lived with would engage the minds of peace-caring persons to speak against violence of this nature in the future. Methodology: Utilizing a qualitative study approach, the study focuses on 17 interview transcripts, statements taken from Kenyan newspapers of January 2008, online newspapers during the same period, eyewitness accounts as recorded in papers. For the theoretical framework, I used thematic analysis because these were stories “told” by the affected individuals. Findings: My aim was to purposely establish how the rhetorical narratives as told by the affected individuals “chain out”. Are there any running main themes and patterns across the narratives? What is the “master narrative? What are the “counter narratives”, how are they constructed, and how do they attack the master narrative? One of the key issues I identified in my literature review as the cause of violence in Kenya is land. Violence was rampant and severe in the rich agricultural region of the Rift Valley. Unique contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study underscores the importance of listening to people’s voices and the stories as told by the victims themselves. Narrative framework and mainly thematic analysis framework helped in the analysis of the stories told by the violence victims. The country seemed to be polarized along ethnic lines – which to me, is a big deterrent for development. Politically, people need to be educated on their political rights and not be misused by politicians for their own advantage. The government, the judicial system, the church and the Electoral Commission of Kenya should address the issues raised by these traumatized and overwhelmed individuals.