Browsing by Author "Nzioki, Japheth Mativo"

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    Effect of a Community Health Worker Led Health Education Intervention on Latrine Coverage in Mwingi West Sub-County; Kenya: A Quasi-Experiment
    (American Journal of Public Health Research, 2018) Korir, Agnes Jemutai; Nzioki, Japheth Mativo
    It is estimated that globally 2.4 billion people still lack access to improved sanitation and 946 million still practice open defecation. Every Kenyan has a right to adequate sanitation and the government of Kenya is committed to ensure that Kenyans enjoy adequate sanitation by the year 2030. Despite this commitment, latrine coverage in many parts of Kenya is low and the result is a high prevalence of hygiene and sanitation related illnesses. In Kitui County, open defecation is high at 30.9%. The aim of this study was to assess effect of Community Healthy Strategy (CHS) on latrine coverage in Mwingi West sub county, Kitui County-Kenya. The study was a pretest-post test experiment with intervention and control sites. Mwingi West and Mwingi North sub-counties were intervention and control sites respectively. Participants in intervention site received health education on importance latrine construction and safe fecal disposal while control site did not. In each site, 1 pre-intervention and 2 post-intervention surveys were conducted with each survey having a sample size of 422 households. An observation checklist and a questionnaire were the main data collection tools. In the intervention site, CHS significantly increased latrine coverage from baseline to midterm survey and from baseline to end-term survey by 21% (Z=7.0128, P=0.0001) and 27.6% (Z=9.7189, P=0.0001) respectively. Compared to baseline, households in intervention site-midterm survey and intervention site-endterm survey were 4 times more likely to have a latrine (adj. OR: 4.356, P<0.0001, 95% CI: 2.975-6.379 and 3 times more likely to have a latrine (adj. OR: 3.391, P<0.0001, 95% CI: 2.686-4.280) respectively. No significant difference was observed on latrine coverage in the control site. CHS significantly increased latrine coverage in Mwingi West Sub-county. To declare Kenya an Open Defecation Free country and help the country meet the global sanitation related Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, county governments need to scale up implementation of CHS to cover areas which have not been covered.
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    Effect of A Community Health Worker led Intervention on Skilled Birth Care in Rural Mwingi West Sub-County, Kenya: A Quasi Experimental Study
    (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2018) Nzioki, Japheth Mativo; Korir, Agnes Jemutai; Ombaka, James H; Ouma, James O; Onyango, Rosebella O
    Abstract Despite strong evidence that skilled birth care (SBC) significantly reduces maternal deaths, one in four babies worldwide are delivered without SBC. This has kept maternal mortality rates (MMR) high in sub-Saharan Africa and Kenya in particular. Kenya adopted Community Health Strategy (CHS) with the aim of improving community health services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CHS on SBC in Mwingi west sub-county, Kenya. A quasi experimental study design was conducted with 1 pretest and 2 post-test household surveys done in intervention and control sites. Sample size in each survey was 422 households. Women with a child aged 9-12 months were main respondents. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds of SBC utilization before and after the intervention In intervention site; SBC utilization significantly improved by 12.9% (57.9% vs. 70.5%) and women in end term survey were 1.6 times (Adj. OR=1.556, P<0.0001; 95%CI: 1.295-1.868) more likely to deliver under SBC compared to baseline. Compared to control, the proportion of women delivering under SBC in intervention site increased by 8.6%. To improve maternal and child health outcomes in Kenya, implementation of CHS should be fast tracked in all counties.
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    Effective Methods for Community Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion in the Developing World: A Scoping Review
    (Africa Journal of Technical & Vocational Education & Training, 2020) Nzioki, Japheth Mativo ; Korir, Agnes Jemutai
    World Health Organization data on the burden of disease shows that approximately 3.1% of deaths (1.7 million) and 3.7% (54.2 million) of disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs) worldwide are attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. In Africa and developing countries in South East Asia 4 - 8% of all disease burdens are attributable to poor hygiene and sanitation. Over 99.8% of all deaths in developing world are attributable to the same factors and 90% are deaths of children under five years. Studies have shown that more than 2 billion people lack access to adequate sanitation and hygiene and increased access to sanitation and better hygienic practices have significant positive health and other impacts. The aim of this study was to search, document and provide a synthesis of effective methods used in promoting hygiene and sanitation in communities across the developing world. This was a scoping review. A total of 42 evaluation surveys were reviewed. Data was collected from 8 out of 42 papers which met the inclusion criteria to be considered into the dataset. Results indicated that social mobilization and community participation methods which include; Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) are effective methods in promoting community hygiene and sanitation. Though Children’s Hygiene and Sanitation Training (CHAST) and Sanitation marketing have been implemented to improve hygiene and sanitation, currently no evaluation studies have been conducted to evaluate effectiveness of these approaches. To achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all, and to end open defecation and reduce burden of diarrheal diseases by the year 2030 (Target 6.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals), governments and development agencies working in the developing world need to fast track adoption and scaling up of CLTS and PHAST. CHAST and sanitation marketing strategies should also be embraced because they are grounded on sound scientific principles and have potential to improve hygiene and sanitation. However, there is need to carry out evaluation surveys to measure their effectiveness in improving sanitation and hygiene in the developing world