Browsing by Author "Mugambi, Priscilla"

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    Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior and Prolonged Exposure Therapy in Treating Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents with Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Disorders in Nairobi, Kenya
    (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, 2020-10) Mugambi, Priscilla
    Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents thus, necessitating effective interventional measures for those at risk. The effectiveness of DBT PE in the Kenyan population had not been ascertained before this study. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Prolonged Exposure (DBT PE) in treating Suicidal Behavior (SB) among adolescents with SB, Depressive Disorders (DD), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) in Nairobi County. The study objectives were to establish the prevalence of SB, DD, and PTSD; determine the severity of SB; examine the risk factors for SB; assess the relationship between PTSD and DD; and evaluate the efficacy of DBT PE in treating SB. Both cognitive-behavioral and biosocial theories were used to inform the development and intervention for the disorders. The quasi-experimental design was used. Data was collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and Beck's Depression Inventory. From the 1,040 students who were assessed at baseline, a study sample of 104 students was purposively selected. The experimental group received DBT PE treatment but the control group did not. Both groups were evaluated from baseline, midline to end-line. Data was keyed into statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24 and analyzed. The study established SB prevalence (21.5%) and that of comorbid DD, PTSD and SB (15.0%). SB, DD, and PTSD had a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.48 to 0.653, p <0.001). The efficacy of DBT PE was established in treatment of SB, DD and PTSD. The study recommends early assessment of the disorders in schools and inclusion of DBT PE in life skills lessons and in the Kenya national suicide prevention plan for the treatment of adolescents and young adults.
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    Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents with Depressive Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress in Informal Settlements of Nairobi, Kenya
    (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2020) Mogute, Mary; Munene, Alice; Mugambi, Priscilla
    Suicide is one of the top causes of death among adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 29 years old, ranking second globally. Suicidal behavior (SB) tends to be common among psychiatric patients, making it a complex mental health problem. High suicide rates have been recorded among adolescents, hence the need for this study. The objectives for this study were to establish the prevalence of suicidal behavior, determine the prevalence of SB among adolescents with Depressive Disorders (DD) and/or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) and relate the prevalence of SB to socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents in informal settlements of Nairobi. Understanding the prevalence of SB is critical in suicide prevention effort. A total of 1,040 high school students in Nairobi, Kenya participated in the study. Data was collected by use of a socio-demographic questionnaire and three standardized psychological tests; SBQ-R for assessing suicidal behavior, BDI-II for DD and PCL-5 for PTSD. Data from the cross-sectional study was analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. The results indicated 21.5% overall prevalence of SB, 17.0% PTSD comorbid with SB, 16.6% DD with SB and 15.0% DD with PTSD and SB among the 1,040 adolescents from informal settlements of Nairobi. The prevalence was significantly higher (p<0.01) among female respondents in comparison to males. The high rates of SB among high school adolescents with DD and PTSD imply a need for relevant psychological assessments and interventions in non-clinical settings.
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    Psychosocial Risk Factors for Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents in Informal Settlements of Nairobi County, Kenya
    (African Research Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2020) Mogute, Mary; Mugambi, Priscilla; Munene, Alice
    Suicidal Behavior (SB) is a precursor to eventual death by suicide. Hence, in suicide preventive effort there’s the need for accurate identification of those at risk. The main objective of this study was to assess the psychosocial risk factors for SB among adolescents in the informal settlements of Nairobi. The study used quasi-experimental design and results are at baseline analysis. High-school students aged between 14-22 years old from the informal settlements of Nairobi were targeted. Four high schools were purposively sampled and data was drawn from the 1,040 respondents in the entire school population who were screened at baseline. Data was collected using Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Data analyzed using SPSS version 24 software was presented in tables and results were discussed. The findings revealed DD and PTSD as significant (p<0.001) risk factors for SB. Separate logistic models established the following life stressors as psychosocial risk factors (p<0.001) for SB in the following order of severity; hopelessness and worthlessness, relationship problems, traumatic experiences, mental disturbances, family problems, alcohol or substance abuse, physical illness, academic challenges, financial problems and death of dear ones. Considering these risk factors, psycho-education on SB among adolescents is imperative for early detection of those at risk. This would lead to timely intervention for the prevention of suicide.