SCHOOL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES 
PEACE AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT
PEA 242 A: COMMUNICATION AND CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION
                FINAL EXAM JANUARY SEMESTER 2012
                                 
                               TIME: 2HRS 

Section I

Answer all questions in this section (30 marks)

1.	Explain at least three skills used to minimize misunderstanding in the communication process                                                  (6 marks)

2.	Clearly distinguish between Conflict and Violence     (4 marks) 

3.	List and explain  four types of conflict styles    ( 8 marks)

4.	 Define Conflict Transformation Theory and explain at least four principles underpinning this theory                                 ( 8 marks)                                                               

5.	Contrast Dialogue and Litigation as methods for Conflict Resolutions 
                                                                                                             (4 marks) 

Section II

Answer all questions in this section (40 marks)

6.	Culture is a significant barrier of effective communication. In the light of this statement ,discuss at least four factors that accelerate cross-cultural conflict                                                                                     (12 marks )
7.	Persuasion is an effective communication strategy for Conflict Transformation. Briefly explain four kinds of arguments you would  use in persuasion to try to influence the other party in a dispute to agree with you                                                                                               ( 8 marks)                    
8.	A cardinal principle in carrying out Conflict Transforming task is creation of safe space for effective inter-personal and inter-group communication. Giving examples, explain at least four basic factors you would address to assure a safe space for parties’ encounter                             ( 10 marks)
9.	 Briefly explain the usefulness of the following in the Conflict Transformation process                                                            (10 marks   )  
a.	Reframing    
b.	Conflict Assessment
c.	Sequencing
d.	Power Symmetry
e.	Use of Metaphors