Browsing School of Applied Human Sciences by Author "Munene, Alice"
Now showing items 1-13 of 13
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Munene, Alice; Ayuya, Caroline (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2017)
[more][less]Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3135 Files in this item: 1
Adoptive Parenting.pdf (257.8Kb) -
Maina, Peter; Munene, Alice; Tuikong, Sylvia (International Journal of Environmental and Health Sciences, 2019)[more][less]
Abstract: Due to their tender age and level of maturity, children are usually vulnerable to traumatic experiences. This is compounded by the fact that their mistreatment and neglect is astounding. The degrees of exposure to traumatic events experienced by children have been presented by various studies across the globe but it seems little attention has been given to the specific types of traumatic experiences children face. The purpose of this study was to analyse the types of traumatic events experienced among children in children’s homes in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study adopted a Quasi-experimental research design on a target population of two hundred and thirty five children from two selected children’s homes in Nyeri County. Stratified random sampling procedure was used to arrive at the sample of one hundred and sixty children. The study used semi structured questionnaires and the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS-SR-V), a PTSD symptom measure based on DSM-5 to collect data from children. The validation of the research instrument was done by subjecting the items in the questionnaire to content validity and its reliability determined using Pearson chi-square test. The data analysis was computed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Findings from the study generally show that a number of children in children’s homes in Nyeri are exposed to different types of traumatic life events. The research is likely to educate counselors about the types of trauma experienced by children and recommend the most suitable treatment for these traumatic experiences. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3570 Files in this item: 1
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James, Naomi; Munene, Alice (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: The development of conduct disorder is linked to an interaction of various factors. Although some children will manifest with symptoms such as aggression, rebellion and emotional problems before the age of ten, conduct disorder occurs mostly from ten years and above. The purpose of this study was to establish some of the distressful events children with conduct disorder may have experienced. The study focused on identifying the association between exposure to distressful situations such as domestic violence, child abuse, death of a parent and the risks of developing conduct disorder. A total of 167 respondents aged between 13 and 17 years from Kabete and Wamumu rehabilitation schools in Kenya participated in this crosssectional study. A self-administered questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist Youth Self Report for ages (11-18) (2001) were administered. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 (2011). The prevalence of conduct disorder was 36.4%, while 71.9% of the respondents were found to have had witnessed violence within their neighborhood. Additionally, 68.9% of the respondents found people in their neighborhood hostile to them, 62.9% felt neglected by their parents or caregivers, and 58.1% had their parents abuse alcohol. Furthermore, 54.5% of the respondents reported that their parents or caregivers punished them with beatings, while 53.9% had been emotionally abused by their parents or caregivers. Out of the distressful events variables investigated for association with conduct disorder, parents or caregivers fighting with weapons and witnessing parents or caregivers fight physically at home had a strong link. Moreover, respondents whose parents or caregivers abused alcohol or who were neglected had higher risks of developing conduct disorder. These findings show that the prevalence of conduct disorder was high among juvenile delinquents and that the occurrence of the disorder was associated with distressful events experienced. This calls for interventions aimed at training parents on effective parenting skills, providing a safe home environment and appropriate treatment for juveniles with conduct disorder. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3133 Files in this item: 1
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Menecha, Jared; Munene, Alice; Ongaro, Kennedy (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: Differences in anger expression and anger control across gender are a crucial issue that needs to be addressed to understand why the emotional and behavioral patterns of boys and girls are different in secondary schools. Prior studies have pointed out that there are no major differences in anger expression and anger control between boys and girls. This study examined whether there were differences in anger expression and control between 50 boys and 50 girls assigned either to an experimental group which was exposed to a Mindfulness Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for a period of 10 weeks, or a control group which continued with Therapy As Usual for the same period. The findings indicated that there were differences in anger expression and control between boys and girls. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3129 Files in this item: 1
Jared Menecha.pdf (186.7Kb) -
Chang’orok, Susan; Yugi, Philemon; Waiyaki, Winnie; Munene, Alice (nternational Journal of Current Research, 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya calls for the need for proper diagnosis and effective intervention. academic performance this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two primary schools were purposely selected in Nairobi, Kenya. 315 participants between 9 provided assent and their parents provided the consent. The teachers and CADBI tool. Out of 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD, systematic sampling was applied to acquire the required sample size of 180.The experimental group received CBT intervention for three months, while the control gro using SPSS version, Descriptive statistics was done, Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23. Microsoft Excel was used in processing statistical output as well as constru data tables and graphs. Spearman’s correlation analysis, chi ODD and ADHD with risk factors was done. T test was done to compare the responses between baseline, midline and endline of the study and show the findings of the study were that overall ODD prevalence was 79%, with males having a higher prevalence than female towards the adults and peers 78.2% and 88.5% female 74.6% and 85.3% respectively. The comorbid conditio and parents respectively. Risk factors associated with ODD were; low social conflicts with parents, punishment, suspension from school, not going for counseling, friends and religion. and parents. DID showed significance difference between baseline and midline and between baseline and end line respectively (p < 0.001). Since CBT was effective in children psychologist should use this intervention in primary school and also in the hospital setting so as to prevent the children from developing other serious problems in adulthood such as antisocial personality disorde ADHD since it presents as a comorbid condition. Copyright © 2018, Susan Chang’orok et al. This is an open use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided INTRODUCTION This main purpose of this study was to evaluate cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. According to Vanden (2007), ODD is a childhood behavior disorder characterized by recurrent disobedient, negativistic, or hostile behavior toward authority figures than usually seen in children of similar age. It manifests as temper tantrums, active defiance of rules, dawdling, argumentativeness, stubbornness, or being easily annoyed. *Corresponding author: Susan Chang’orok, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya ISSN: 0975-833X DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr. Article History: Received 30th July, 2018 Received in revised form 17th August, 2018 Accepted 24th September, 2018 Published online 30th October, 2018 Citation: Susan Chang’orok, Philemon Yugi, Winnie Waiyaki, and Alice Munene Defiant Disorder among Children in Selected primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya Key Words: Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory, Efficacy, Prevalence, Comorbidity, Risk factors. RESEARCH ARTICLE THE EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY ON OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER AMONG CHILDREN IN SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA Susan Chang’orok, 2Philemon Yugi, 1Winnie Waiyaki, and 1Alice Munene Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Development Studies, Daystar University Nairobi, Kenya ABSTRACT The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya calls for the need for proper diagnosis and effective intervention. This is because of the effect it has on the child’s social functioning and academic performance as well as the economic impact it has on their families. The main purpose for this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with itional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two primary schools were purposely selected in Nairobi, Kenya. 315 participants between 9 provided assent and their parents provided the consent. The teachers and CADBI tool. Out of 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD, systematic sampling was applied to acquire the required sample size of 180.The experimental group received CBT intervention for three months, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version, Descriptive statistics was done, Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23. Microsoft Excel was used in processing statistical output as well as constru data tables and graphs. Spearman’s correlation analysis, chi-square analysis for association between ODD and ADHD with risk factors was done. T test was done to compare the responses between baseline, midline and endline of the study and show the difference in deference findings of the study were that overall ODD prevalence was 79%, with males having a higher prevalence than female towards the adults and peers 78.2% and 88.5% female 74.6% and 85.3% respectively. The comorbid condition associated with ODD was ADHD 78.3% and 47.8% teachers and parents respectively. Risk factors associated with ODD were; low social conflicts with parents, punishment, suspension from school, not going for counseling, friends and religion. Cronbalch alpha of the CADBI tool showed reliability at (α =.918 to. 890) for both teachers and parents. DID showed significance difference between baseline and midline and between baseline and end line respectively (p < 0.001). Since CBT was effective in children psychologist should use this intervention in primary school and also in the hospital setting so as to prevent the children from developing other serious problems in adulthood such as antisocial personality disorder depression and anxiety. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/4142 Files in this item: 1
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Chege, Mary; Munene, Alice; Oladipo, Rebecca (International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Research, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of behavioural activation (BA) in reducing depression symptoms. Depression is a common mental health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Children entering foster care have a higher prevalence of clinically significant depression than children reared at home. This study examined the factors associated with elevated depression scores among children and adolescents in seven selected children’s homes in Kajiado County. A quasiexperimental study was conducted with 186 participants aged 9-17 years. The participants (male and female) with a mean age of 13 years were purposively sampled. Data collection tools included Child Depression Inventory (CDI) for assessment of depression and a demographic questionnaire to gather socio-demographic data. Logistic regression revealed three predictors that were significantly associated with elevated CDI scores, namely using Kiswahili as the primary language of communication, death of father, and age/class. The study revealed that the overall level of depression was 18.6 (±5.6SD). Recommendations were made for routine and frequent mental check-ups to be provided in those homes in an effort to help identify depression symptoms and intervene appropriately and timely. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3130 Files in this item: 1
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Ndegwa, Stephen; Munene, Alice; Oladipo, Rebecca (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: This study set out to examine factors associated with alcohol use and abuse among university students in Kenya. The target population of the study was Daystar University Nairobi and Athi River students. The study used cross-sectional design with respondents recruited from the two campuses. Post-hoc power calculations were conducted using the G*power program to calculate the sample size for the study. A total sample of 140 was obtained using respondent-driven sampling that targeted students using alcohol or cannabis. The respondents were assessed using ASSIST, AUDIT, PHQ-9, BAI, and IES. The data was analysed using inferential statistics that included t-tests, ANOVA, chi square, linear and logistic regressions. The results revealed that most of the respondents had moderate risk for alcohol use problems. In addition, gender, age, year of study and place of residence, parental and peer use, media, and accessibility to drugs were all factors that were found to influence drug use. Similarly, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and academic performance were found to have an association with respondents’ drug use. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3131 Files in this item: 1
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Maina, Peter; Munene, Alice; Tuikong, Sylvia (African Research Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2019)[more][less]
Abstract: A vast majority of children and adults in the world experience PTSD in their surroundings which remains a significant health social problem affecting their mental and physical health, work, and relationship. Traumatic events serve as vulnerability markers for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).The rates of exposure to traumatic events have been shown by various studies across the world although none have been conclusive enough to cover the prevalence and severity of PTSD within specific communities. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence and severity of PTSD among children in children’s homes in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study adopted a Quasi-experimental research design on a target population of two hundred and thirty five children from the two selected children’s homes in Nyeri County. Stratified random sampling procedure was used to arrive at the sample of one hundred and sixty children. The study used semi structured questionnaires and CPSS-SR-V, a PTSD symptom measure based on DSM-5 to collect data from children. The validation of research instrument was done by subjecting the items in the questionnaire to content validity and its reliability determined using Pearson chi-square test. The data analysis was computed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Findings from the study showed that male children between 10-13 years of age are the most affected by PTSD. The research is likely to improve practice in PTSD therapy by reviewing and presenting findings on its prevalence and severity among children in Nyeri County, Kenya. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3574 Files in this item: 1
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Munene, Alice; James, Naomi (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: Previous studies on conduct disorder in rehabilitation schools have indicated high prevalence and this disorder is associated with criminal activities. Some underlying factors have been associated with the development of conduct disorder among juvenile delinquents. This study sought to establish the prevalence of conduct disorder among juvenile delinquents in rehabilitation schools. A total of 167 adolescents from two selected rehabilitation schools (Nairobi and Kirinyaga) participated in this cross-sectional study. A prevalence rate of 36.4% was found among the adolescents. In the aspect of marital status, the highest prevalence was among children who came from families where the parents were widowed (51.4%), whereas the prevalence among children from married or cohabiting parents was 34.0%. Children who were 17 years old had 52.5% prevalence of conduct disorder and the 16 year olds had 34.4% prevalence whereas, children who committed truancy had a prevalence rate of 64.0%. Significant associations were found between religiosity of parents, types of crime committed, marital status of parents and occurrence of conduct disorder. The prevalence of conduct disorder was high among juvenile delinquents in rehabilitation schools, which makes it a matter of major concern. Moreover, the association of conduct disorder with older adolescents is an issue that requires quick intervention before these children advance into serious criminal activities. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3134 Files in this item: 1
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Chang’orok, Susan; Yugi, Philemon; Waiyaki, Winnie; Munene, Alice (Elixir Social Studies 122, October , 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: The main purpose for this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya, the social, educational and economic impact it has on the children and their families have led for the need for proper diagnosis and effective intervention. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with oppositional defiant disorder among children. Quasi experimental research design was used in the study with a sample of 180 respondents .The study involved children aged between 9 to 14 years. Purposive sampling was used in selecting the two schools. 315 respondents completed the demographic questionnaires; the respondent’s parents also completed the socio-demographic questionnaires. Teachers and parents completed the CADBI at baseline assessment to identify those with symptoms of ODD. Systematic sampling method was applied on 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD because the number exceeded the required sample size. Risk factors associated with ODD were; religion, educational level of the respondents, conflicted relationship with parents, punishment in school, socio economic status and suspension from school, respondents whose parents were casual laborers, the level of education of the respondent’s parents. Significance was reported at p < 0.05. In conclusion, primary schools need to have professional psychologists to provide counseling services to the children presenting with ODD symptoms and devise intervention that will help in the management of ODD .This will help the children function well both socially and academically. This will also stop the progression of ODD to other mental disorders when they are adults for example; Depression, Anxiety, Antisocial Disorder which causes problems with adjustment in the community. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/4140 Files in this item: 1
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Ojuade, Samuel O.; Munene, Alice; Mbutu, Paul (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish the severity of suicide behaviors and co-existing mental disorders at Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kappa-Lagos, Nigeria. The sample size of 115 participants was selected at 80% power and 30% effective size using purposive sampling technique. The research used Suicide Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-R), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), and Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ) to collect data. Data obtained from researcher-generated socio-economic demographic questionnaire and standardized psychological assessment tools was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and summarized in percentages. The results of the study show that suicide behaviors were more predominantly severe among participants aged 18-21 than participants aged 14-17. The prevalence of suicide behavior was noticed among female, university students, and Christians, especially the Pentecostals. In addition, the severity of suicidal behaviors was high among adolescents whose fathers were employed, whose mothers were jobless, whose family economic status was poor and slightly higher among adolescents whose parents lived together compared to those whose parents lived apart. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3021 Files in this item: 1
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Musau, Josephine; Munene, Alice; Khasakhala, Lincoln (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: Traumatic experiences have a psycho-social impact, not only on the survivors of such experiences, but also on the society. Over the years, it has become evident that a significant number of the survivors of potentially traumatic events such as human conflicts and violence may suffer from long-term psychosocial, physiological, emotional and spiritual effects. The resultant post-election violence (PEV) following the disputed 2007 presidential result in Kenya exposed to inhuman treatment and horrific experiences. Therefore, this study sought to document the types and forms of traumatic events the survivors were exposed to at baseline. A sample of 139 respondents was obtained through purposive sampling. The findings indicated that Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) underwent displacements, loss of property and significant others, sexual atrocities, and suffered traumatic grief. These severe traumatic events resulted in highly prevalent PTSD and DD disorders, at 62.1% and 63.3% respectively. Based on the study findings, it was recommended that the government through the Ministry of Devolution and Planning, other interested stakeholders and psychological service providers could have trained personnel to handle the aftermath of human conflict appropriately to avert human suffering. The study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The target population comprised both adult females and males, from a total of 196 households. The sample was obtained through purposive sampling where the respondents filled out: a socio-demographic, Severity of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms-Adult* *National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale (NSESSS) and Beck’s depression questionnaires.The findings indicate that IDPs resident at Maai Mahiu camp underwent severe traumatic events, which resulted in highly prevalent PTSD and DD disorders at 62.1% and 63.3%, respectively. Based on these study findings, it was recommended that stakeholders and psychological service providers should have trained personnel to handle the aftermath of human conflicts appropriately to avert human suffering. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3017 Files in this item: 1
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Nyagwencha, Stella; Munene, Alice; James, Naomi (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: Adolescents are at a high risk of exposure to possible abuse due to their vulnerability and dependence on caregivers. The objective of this study was to establish the types of abuse experienced by adolescents with mild and moderate symptoms of anxiety disorder and living in charitable children’s institutions (CCIs). Data was collected from three CCIs in Nairobi County, Kenya. The sample size was made up of 115 adolescents who gave informed consent and met the inclusion criteria. The respondents were administered a socio-demographic questionnaire, which was asking questions about socio-demographic characteristics and previous experiences of abuse. The respondents also completed Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to be able to establish the presence and severity of symptoms of anxiety disorder. Respondents who experienced neglect were 60.9% while 42.1% experienced emotional abuse. Those who experienced physical abuse were 26.1% while 13.0% experienced sexual abuse. Males had a higher mean in physical abuse and neglect while females had a higher mean in sexual abuse and emotional abuse. These study findings are important because they would inform policy makers on the types of abuse adolescents living in CCIs have experienced and add to the existing body of knowledge on abuse among adolescents. Further, this information would enable policy makers to integrate treatment and prevention programs for abused adolescents living in CCIs. It is such abuses which were responsible for these adolescents ending up in CCIs in the first place. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3015 Files in this item: 1
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