Browsing Journal Articles by Title
Now showing items 1-20 of 27
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Boyo, Bernard; Bowen, Michael; Kariuki-Githinji, Scholastica; Kombo, James (International Bulletin of Mission Research, 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: Africa has witnessed an increase of clergy who favor faith healing but have little appreciation for modern medicine. The intersection between African traditional healing and faith healing remains unclear, with most curricula in theological and Bible schools failing to address these fundamental issues. Research was conducted to establish the intersection between faith, traditional, and biomedical healing. The findings show that faith healing is practiced by nearly three-fourths of the respondents and that African Instituted Churches give relatively more attention to practices of faith healing than do other denominations. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3808 Files in this item: 1
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Musembi, Patrick (International Journal of Current Research, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: This article sought to assess the effectiveness of the approaches employed by the various actors in the River County in Kenya. The conflict in Tana River has escalated to unparalleled armed violence with loss of life and property. Various actors have employed diverse approaches in response to the conflict and to build peace. However, in spite of these efforts the region has experienced periodic relapses into violence. The government of Kenya has utilized hard Governmental organizations and the civil society have employed fortunately, the conflict has persisted the lives of innocent people as well as property in the region. The article proved that the approaches employed in the management of the Tana River d not incorporate a comprehensive analysis of the conflict vis-à-vis structural, proximate and trigger causes of the conflict in order to understand the context of the conflict and to determine the the conflict. In addition, the article found that the entire peace building process lacked clear coordination in terms of programming, funding and the deployment of human resources. Moreover, there is need to integrate a comprehensive analysis of vis structural, proximate and trigger causes of the conflict in order to understand the structural context conflict and to inform any responses to the conflict in Tana River. There is also need for response to the conflict so as to respond to the opportunities for violence such as chronic poverty and unemployment among the youth.Qualitative research approach was adopted in this article to achieve at these assertions. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3154 Files in this item: 1
32297.pdf (271.9Kb) -
Ayiro, Laban Peter (Quality in Higher Education, August 10, 2011)
[more][less]Abstract: This article attempts to bring to the fore the need for enhanced quality assurance processes in the award of PhDs by Kenyan universities. The findings reveal that quality challenges exist in the institutional processes established for the award of this advanced degree across the universities in the country. It is hoped that the findings will stir debate and urge the universities to re-evaluate and revamp their quality-control systems for the award of not only the PhDs but all their other degrees and diplomas, the ultimate outcome of this effort being a quality human resource for Kenya’s socio-economic development. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2836 Files in this item: 1
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Katwa, J. K; Baliddawa, J; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Kei, R (World Journal of Medical Education and Research, 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: Background: The foundation of SPICES Model of teaching and learning is in its facilitation skills and resources which are vital to student learning. SPICES Model is a mode of teaching in the undergraduate medical curriculum at the Moi University College of Health Sciences. Objectives: The objective of this study was to outline the challenges facing innovative teaching and learning method at the College of Health Sciences. Methods: 274 students, 65 lecturers and 9 administrators were recruited into the study. Self-administered questionnaires with both qualitative and quantitative were used in data collection. Questionnaire utilized a five point Likert scale (1-Totaly disagree, 2-Disagree, 3- Not Sure 4-Agree and 5-Totally Agree). Cronbach’s alpha, median and inter-quartile range (IQR) was calculated in SPSS 22.P-value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review and Ethics Committee (IREC) of Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Results: 58 (23%) of students said that the program is confusing; rarely do we know what is expected of us. Others, 72 (29%) said it demands a lot from the student; while 58 (23%) hold the view that this system gives excuse to the lazy lecturers to avoid going to class to teach in the name of the students doing self-directed learning. Sixty two students (25%) think that tutorials are overcrowded. Majority of the lecturers 40 (62 %) said that SPICES Model is not improving with a large number of them 26 (40 %) saying all members of staff should be re-trained on SPICES Model of teaching and learning in order to improve it, however some of them 5(8 %) wanted SPICES Model to be abolished. There was no statistical significance between the number of years the lecturers who have been teaching and whether SPICES Model was improving or not as the p-Value ( 0.138) this result was not statistically significant at p < 0.05. Conclusions: The main challenges were the inadequate teaching and learning resources and training in SPICES Model of teaching and learning to both staff and students. There is overcrowding in all courses in the College, to mitigate on that, management should consider reducing intake until such a time that new facilities are in place. Recommendations: The college should organize annual workshops; separately for both students and lecturers to refresh on SPICES Model of teaching and learning and this will increase acceptability of this program moreover there is need to increase teaching and learning resources; such as teaching space, laboratories and library; whiteboard, LCD projectors, computers, e-books and internet connectivity and reduce intake until such a time that new facilities are in place. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3786 Files in this item: 1
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Zwanbin, Emmanuel (Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship In Africa, 2017)[more][less]
Abstract: Nigeria’s return to democratic rule in 1999, set the stage for an appraisal of the many decades of obnoxious military rule and its consequent abuses. The widespread demand for accountability occasioned by the resurgence of civil society activism in Nigeria facilitated the formation of the Human Rights Violations Investigation Commission. The atmosphere led to an epoch making announcement in June 14, 1999, to constitute the Human Rights Violations Investigation Commission -- popularly known as the Oputa Panel. President Olusegun Obasanjo charged the Panel to review past authoritarian regimes and the human rights abuses for the purpose of enhancing reconciliation, national cohesion and entrenching the nascent democracy. The scope of investigation spanned from 1966 to 1999. The Commission received more than 10,000 petitions representing several cases of physical and mental torture, assassination, unlawful arrest and detention, intimidation, communal violence, and disappearances were received by the Panel. Of the total received petitions, only about 340 cases were heard. Faced with many hurdles, the commission almost halted its work. However, at the end, the Panel submitted a report of eight volumes, amounting to 15,000 pages. Findings indicated that there was gross violation of human rights perpetuated by the military ruling class. The Panel was jeopardised by the refusal of key suspects (Senior Military officers) to appear before its hearing, this was further compounded by many court injunctions to restrain the Panel. Nonetheless, the victims’ petitions were heard, to that effect, neither retributive nor restorative justice was offered to them. As tradition permits, the report will usually be published and implemented immediately. Nigerians waited patiently without recourse. Six months later, the Government of Obasanjo surprisingly annulled the report citing constitutional reasons. This research seeks to underscore the numerous challenges of truth commission as a tool for transitional justice in Nigeria with specific reflections on the Oputa panel. The research deployed qualitative method to articulate issues and intrigues that encompassed the operations and findings of the Oputa Panel. It draws attention to the underlying dangers that the unresolved violations and injustices potent for national cohesion and stability in Nigeria. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3157 Files in this item: 1
Zwanbin Emmanuel.doc (91.64Kb) -
Boyo, Bernard (Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology, 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: 0 ne of the issues facing the Mrican church is that of adequate salaries for pastors. Not all churches give their pastors sufficient payment. I think, for example, of the Mrica Inland Churches of Nyandarua, Kenya where churches have failed to adequately meet their obligations in supporting the pastors financially. Insufficient support has brought about numerous problems that have affected the church's ministry in Nyandarua. The monthly salary given to a "full-time" pastor is too little compared to the needs that he has for his sustenance and that of his family. Consequently, most pastors have sought outside jobs, such as farming, in order to earn adequate income. In effect, the church suffers from "spiritual malnutrition" because pastors cannot give their full attention to the ministry. The pastor's divided effort causes a lack of spiritual nurture and lack of church growth. One cause of th Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3785 Files in this item: 1
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Ayiro, Laban P.; Sang, James K. (Journal of Science and Technology Education Research, September 1, 2010)
[more][less]Abstract: The 21st century has ushered in a new revolution in education leadership structures which have become the occasion of less hierarchical - more flattened, more fluid organizations. Today's management and leadership are driven by relationships that make the most of people's knowledge and enabled by networks with improved connectivity. Changing management structures, flatter organizations and new partnering arrangements implies more roles for 21st Century leader, multiple stakeholders and an increasingly fragmented job where they continually face trade-offs in time, energy and focus. Their challenges include matching their leadership style to a fast-moving, complex, technology enabled education sector; holding multiple points of view without being overloaded; working with others in virtual teams, globally; articulating a compelling future vision; guiding distinct groups of people to deliver education goals. A leader in the 21st Century must of necessity embrace persuasion and negotiation in order to obtain support from those under their supervision. Such leaders must be able to motivate, empower, articulate and innovate. This paper examines and highlights some of the skills. It argues out the necessity of developing and employing these skills in the Kenyan education sector for quality outcomes. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2832 Files in this item: 1
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Musembi, Patrick; Iteyo, Crispinous (Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), July , 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: The African continent continues to suffer many conflicts resulting from poor management of natural resources. These conflicts have turned into deadly civil wars, and others have become intractable or protracted in nature. For example, conflict over the use of River Tana in the coastal region of Kenya has risen to unprecedented level that requires an urgent attention. It has devastated property, displaced hundreds of innocent civilian populations and has the potential to jeopardize international peace and security as a result of its closeness to the unstable state of Somali. The Tana conflict is an example of a non-linear or multi-causal, inter-communal conflict that cannot be reduced to a single cause. Though, at face value the conflict manifests in the form of competition over scarce resources, such a manifestation masks the roots causes of the conflict. A number of approaches have been employed by different actors to respond to the conflict. However, such approaches have not prevented a relapse into violence. This article seeks to explore the role of community participation approach in the management of protracted conflicts in Africa using the case of the conflict in Tana River County in Kenya. The study established the effectiveness of community participation approach in the management of conflicts. It found out that community participation enhances the sociocultural and economic resources available in the community towards the management of conflict; it fosters community dialogue through mediation, reconciliation, and negotiations; and strategically links the bottom-up empowerment initiatives of the grassroots communities with the top-down protection initiatives of the state. It recommends the recognition and utilization of the potential for community participation available in the grassroots communities in Tana River County. The study used the mixed methods to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The population for the study comprised all residents of Tana River County; NGOs; members of women and youth groups which pursued specific objectives; members of the District Peace Committee (DPC); members of the Gassa council of elders; chiefs, the police; and county administrators. It used simple random and purposive sampling techniques to generate a sample of 445 respondents comprising 387 residents of Tana River County, 42 participants in FGDs and 16 in-depth interviews with key informants to supplement the information obtained from the other sources. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented in the form of graphs, charts and frequency tables while qualitative data were analysed and presented using narratives. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3708 Files in this item: 1
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Ayiro, Laban Peter (Emerald, 2012)
[more][less]Abstract: Impact mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa on HIV/AIDS in the education sector involved initially the development of education sector policies. This study traces the policy development initiatives, level of implementation, progress made and existing challenges. The study is based on a close (textual) reading of authoritative literature from United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), World Bank, UNESCO and UNICEF for the last decade on global monitoring of HIV/AIDS and statistical data. Studies on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa have been brought into focus and themes have been extracted and synthesised from a comparative perspective to guide the development of this chapter. Across the countries, the education sector HIV/AIDS policies had concurrence with the countries’ national HIV and AIDS policy or guidelines, and conformed to international conventions, national laws, policies, guidelines and regulations. Most of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa showed a significant decline in HIV prevalence among young women or men and opportunities to improve HIV-prevention knowledge and behaviour still abound. Antiretroviral therapy and other types of treatment have expanded since the early 2000s, but the number of AIDS-related deaths remains high. This chapter fulfils an identified information/resources need and amplifies the progress achieved in the mitigation of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector specifically and humanity in general. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2838 Files in this item: 1
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Chumba, D; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Chang'ach, J. K; Marete, I (World Journal of Medical Education and Research, 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction: Breaking bad news to patients is one of the most common, and often difficult, responsibilities in the practice of medicine, particularly in cancer related diagnosis. Breaking bad news in an abrupt and insensitive manner may not only be devastating for both the patient and his or her family but is also associated with poor treatment outcomes and doctor burnout. This task is commonly done by residents who are on training. The complexity of the current resident work environment, including the impact of making money or finances in third world countries, is underappreciated. A study to establish the effectiveness of a training intervention to assist residents in breaking bad news hit a big snag when the training workshop, which was held on a weekend, received approximately 10 attendees. 40 attendees were expected. Methods: A quantitative research approach, a quasi-experimental group design was utilized. A purposeful sample of 80 physicians who are residents were selected for the study on a first-come-first-served basis. They were then randomly grouped into two groups: test group and control group. Test group was trained and compared with the control group. Perceived competence in performing breaking bad news tasks by residents was measured using two learning domains: cognitive and affective. These evaluated self– efficacy, empathy and physician’s beliefs before and after the training. To achieve this, we designed a flipped classroom program and, two weeks later, a workshop for the test group was held. Cronbach’s alpha, median and interquartile range (IQR) was calculated in SPSS version 22. P-value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review and Ethics Committee (IREC) of Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Results: A post-workshop survey of residents’ self-efficacy score in breaking bad news tasks, empathy scores using JSPE and physician belief scores were assessed. The post-workshop survey revealed that the residents’ self-efficacy scores improved significantly when compared with the control group. However, empathy scores and physician belief scores did not change significantly. Resident responses also exposed some challenges in communication skills training in real-life clinical settings for them. There was an apparent less humanistic approach to patients by residents suggesting biomedical curriculum based on the philosophy of science and less or limited in the ‘humanistic’ one based on the art of medicine. Conclusions: Innovative flipped classroom format in combination with workshop sessions allows easy incorporation of breaking bad news skills training for residents in a postgraduate training program. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3788 Files in this item: 1
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Boyo, Bernard (Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The discussion of the concept" integration of faith and learning or scholarship” calls for a proper understanding of the issues behind the statement itself as developed within its proper historical setting. While the phrase has been used within Christian related institutions of higher learning, its theological implication has more often than not been ignored. The assumption that faith and learning are to be integrated, as though they were disjointed and disparated elements that are intrinsically incompatible unless by a decisive act of will by" the Christian scholar" is quite unfortunate to say the least. This cliché, religious as it may sound, poses a major theological threat to the biblical understanding of the accession and practice of faith, besides rendering Christianity as a mere subjective pursuit of instinctive urges which obliterates one's capacity for objectivity and capability to carry out verifiable findings on the basis of proof by any empirical standards. On the one hand, the call for “integration of faith and learning” in general, borders on subjectivity dependent solely on the individual to the detriment of academic professionalism. On the other hand, academic intellectualism does not preclude one's religious beliefs as though the two were mutually exclusive. Description: Abstract URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3789 Files in this item: 1
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Munyao, Martin (Religions, February , 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: In the last decade, since the Third Lausanne Congress on World Evangelization (2010) in Cape Town, South Africa, the world has significantly changed. The majority of the world’s Christians are located in the Global South. Globalization, conflict, and migration have catalyzed the emergence of multifaith communities. All these developments have in one way or another impacted missions in twenty-first-century sub-Saharan Africa. As both Christianity and Islam are spreading and expanding, new approaches to a peaceful and harmonious coexistence have been developed that seem to be hampering the mission of the Church as delineated in the Cape Town Commitment (2010). Hence a missiological assessment of the Cape Town Commitment is imperative for the new decade’s crosscutting developments and challenges. In this article, the author contends that the mission theology of the 2010 Lausanne Congress no longer addresses the contemporary complex reality of a multifaith context occasioned by refugee crises in Kenya. The article will also describe the Somali refugee situation in Nairobi, Kenya, occasioned by political instability and violence in Somalia. Finally, the article will propose a methodology for performing missions for interfaith engagement in Nairobi’s Eastleigh refugee centers in the post Cape Town Commitment era. The overall goal is to provide mainstream evangelical mission models that are biblically sound, culturally appropriate, and tolerant to the multifaith diversity in conflict areas. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3716 Files in this item: 1
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Munyao, Martin (Munyao, M. (2021). ‘New wine, old wineskins’: a comparative study of interfaith engagement and transitional justice in Kenya and South Africa. Journal of the British Academy, May , 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: Transitional justice (TJ) is an approach that has been used by states to bring hope and renaissance in addressing past injustices. Unfortunately, transitional justice mechanisms have been ambiguous and often yield underwhelming results. While various components that constitute human societies have been incorporated in Africa’s journey towards resolving historical injustices, religion has been casually utilised, if not altogether ignored. An interfaith approach to addressing a violent past has not been exploited, yet religion played a significant role in South Africa’s (SA) postapartheid era and Kenya’s second liberation from KANU’s single-party rule. This article will highlight the insufficiencies and gains made by past TJ mechanisms in Kenya and SA. The article will also discuss the place of interfaith engagement in confronting structural violence. Lastly, improving on SA’s TJ model, it will suggest an interfaith agenda for TJ that mitigates the horrors of historical injustices for reconciliation, peace, and stability in Kenya. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3715 Files in this item: 1
New wine, old wineskins.pdf (723.9Kb) -
Zwanbin, Emmanuel (China International Studies, February , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: China’s presence in Africa has a long history of cordial interaction spanning from ancient to contemporary times. The history of China-Africa relations is held in high esteem by the two sides, as both share a history of foreign invasions and of solidarity for a common destiny. However, new narratives promoted by antagonists of China’s presence in Africa are constructed to portray China in a negative light without recourse to history. Arguably, the Chinese exploration of Africa can be said to have started many centuries before the arrival of Europeans on the continent. To challenge and counter the Eurocentric narratives, China has consistently provided historical and empirical facts, which prove that its interest in Africa is mutually beneficial and hinged on friendly relations. This research examines China’s role in Africa, and whether it may be construed as that of a friend or a foe. It explores several arguments about China’s motive for its involvement in Africa and the underlying ontological realities. It further synthesizes Africa’s strategic development interest as well as the prospects and challenges therein. It also delves into a comparative study of the historical relationship between Africa and the West on one side, and China and Africa on the other. The integration and critical analysis of several relevant scholarly contributions create the nexus between various studies on China’s role in Africa and on the consequent impact on Africa. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3161 Files in this item: 1
Foe or Friend Published.pdf (351.9Kb) -
Rono, K. J., Bomet, E., & Ayiro, L. (European Journal of Education Studies, 2019)[more][less]
Abstract: Despite the existence of strategic plans in public Technical and Vocational Education training institutions in Kenya, there seems to be a problem in the implementation process. This study therefore sought to investigate the influence of employees’ perception on strategic plan implementation in public Technical and Vocational Education training institutions (TVET) within Rift valley region, Kenya. The study was guided by the following hypothesis: Ho: There is no statistically significant difference between employee’s perception and strategy implementation in public TVET within Rift valley region, Kenya. Change Management theory supported the specific objectives of the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design using both qualitative and quantitative approach. The target population was 1255 employees in selected public TVET institutions; while a sample size of two hundred ninety four (294) respondents was drawn using purposive and stratified random sampling. Primary data were collected using questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that employees perception based on their level of management and implementation of strategic plan were strongly positively related and significant. It accounted for 94.5% of the total variations in strategic plan implementation. The findings are expected to be of value to the management and decision makers to form a basis for improving implementation of strategic plans in higher education. The study revealed that there was a diversity inopinion between the top management and lower management on strategic plan implementation and thus calls for special attention to all employees so as to ensure successful implementation. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3787 Files in this item: 1
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Ayiro, Laban Peter; Sang, James K. (FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 2016)
[more][less]Abstract: Abstract This study explores why nomadic children in the counties of Turkana and West Pokot are left behind in the primary education process despite free primary education (FPE), and considers the variables that contribute to high dropout rates, low enrollment, poor attendance, and unsatisfactory academic achievement with a view of bringing out possible strategies to mitigate against these factors of discontinuity. Based on a study conducted in two counties in Kenya, results suggest that formal education in Kenya has not effectively served the nomadic communities. Education indicators in these counties revealed that nomadic groups are at the bottom in national statistics pertaining to enrollment rates, school participation, classroom performance, gender balance, student achievement, progression to the next level of education and by extension training. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2831 Files in this item: 1
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Mudulia, Mabel Ambogo; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Kipsoi, Emmy (Journal of Education and Practice, 2017)[more][less]
Abstract: Sustainable development goal number five of the 2030 agenda aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. The Kamunge Commission report of 1988 recommends that schools and universities provide guidance to university applicants to enable them make rightful choices. The paper objectively looks at the forms (processes, programmes and activities) of career guidance used in secondary schools and its effect on girls’ performance and career choice. The study embraced a mixed methods approach. Form four girls of 2012 in mixed and girls’ secondary schools in Vihiga County formed the target population. Thirty (30) schools were selected from the 112 mixed and girls’ secondary schools in the county by stratified sampling using the 4 constituencies as strata. Purposive sampling was then used to select 30 principals, 30 career guidance teachers, 4 district quality assurance officers and one county director of education. One hundred and eighty (180) students were randomly sampled. Data was collected using questionnaires, content analysis and interview schedules. Quantitative data was analyzed using frequencies, means, standard deviations, and Pearson’s product moment correlation while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. For all statistical tests, the alpha (significance) level was set at .05. The result of the analysis indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between career guidance and, academic performance and career choice, r = 0.513, p< 0.05.The major forms of career guidance identified were class counseling, group counseling involving subject choices, and filling of joint admission board forms. The study found out that schools that were better equipped and staffed, with more career guidance programs had better performance and sent more students to public universities for admission into a variety of careers than the understaffed schools with no equipment. The study concluded that career guidance is essential yet many schools are not adequately funded, equipped and staffed for it. It recommends that career guidance be incorporated into mainstream curricular. The study has practical implications for the ministry of education and school administrators to provide a broad range of career guidance activities and programs to help learners make sound career choices. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3783 Files in this item: 1
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Fonn, Sharon; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Cotton, Philip; Habib, Adam; Mulwa, Peter; Mbithi, Felix; Mtenje, Alfred; Nawangwe, Barnabas; Ogunbodede, Eyitope O; Olayinka, Idowu; Golooba-Mutebi, Frederick; Ezeh, Alex (The Lancet, August , 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 13·5% of the global population but less than 1% of global research output. In 2008, Africa produced 27 000 published papers— the same number as The Netherlands. Informed by a nuanced understanding of the causes of the current scenario, we propose action that should be taken by African universities, governments, and development partners to foster the development of research-active universities on the continent. Description: Journal Articles URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3782 Files in this item: 1
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Minde, Nicodemus; Roop, Sterling; Tronvoll, Kjetil (JAE, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: This article analyses the pitfalls that characterised the emergence and eventual demise of the Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tanzania’s semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar. Drawn from continuous political and electoral observations in Zanzibar, the article analyses how the 2015 general elections contributed to the eventual dissolution of the GNU. The GNU in Zanzibar was a negotiated political settlement between two parties – the incumbent Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the Civic United Front (CUF). In particular, this article looks at how the start of the constitutional review process in Tanzania contributed to the withering of the GNU. Despite its undeniably noble agenda, the constitutional review process resuscitated old enmities between CCM and the CUF. The two parties’ divergent stances on the structure of the Union revived the rifts that characterised their relationship before the GNU. We analyse the election cycle rhetoric following the run-up to the elections and how this widened the GNU fissures leading to its eventual demise after the re-election in March 2016. After the 2015 elections were nullified, the CUF, which had claimed victory, boycotted the re-election. As a result, the CCM won an overwhelming electoral victory. Description: DOI: 10.20940/JAE/2018/v17i1a8 URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3156 Files in this item: 1
9b788d860ecae767e3a6222f167a220e311e.pdf (426.8Kb) -
Musya, Justus Katoo (International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: This study emerged in response to knowledge gaps on the role of ethnicity in the recurrent political conflicts in Mathare and Kibra, the worst of which occurred during the post-election violence of 2007. In solving the research problem, a systematic and methodical investigation on the causes of the recurrent political violence in the study area was done using a mixed research design. This analytical exercise involved testing of hypothesis about the relationship between quality of life differences and ethnic grievances. And qualitative interviews were informative on factors of conflict formation, escalation, and de-escalation. In testing the instrumentalist theory of conflict, it was observed that statistically significant differences existed between ethnic groups in conflict—the in-group and out-group—about horizontal inequalities and ethnic grievances. The in-group had a higher standard of living than the out-group, and the out-group had higher levels of ethnic grievances than the in-group. Importantly, it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between horizontal inequalities and ethnic grievances in the study area. Revealed in qualitative interviews was that the relationship between horizontal inequalities and ethnic grievances is significant because it reflects the fears of the in-group of being dominated by the out-group and the frustrations and resentment of the out-group at being dominated by the in-group. The findings have defined the causal mechanism that is basic to the instigation of political violence, ethnic grievances borne of horizontal inequalities between the in-group and out-group. Entities like the National Integration and Cohesion Commission have a better understanding of the conflict dynamics that are basic to political violence in the study area and to other informal settlements that have experienced or are susceptible to political violence. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3158 Files in this item: 1
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